Volume-10, Issue-5

September-October, 2024

Research Paper

1. A Comparative Evaluation of Remaining Dentin Thickness Post Instrumentation of Teeth with Three Different Rotary Systems using CBCT – An Invitro Study

Aim: To evaluate and compare the remaining dentin thickness post-instrumentation of teeth with three rotary systems using CBCT. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 36 extracted human mandibular premolars were taken. All teeth were decoronated till the cementoenamel junction. Then they were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the system used in root canal preparations namely Group I: TruNatomy file system, Group II: ProTaperNext file system, and Group III: Hyflex EDM file system. Conventional endodontic access was prepared in each tooth, and the working length was determined using a 15-k file. Pre-operative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of the teeth was taken. Cleaning and shaping of the canal were done according to the file system. Post instrumentation CBCT scan of teeth was taken. The pre-and post-instrumentation scanned images of the teeth were assessed, the difference in the mesiodistal and buccolingual area was calculated and the statistical difference was analyzed. Results: The TruNatomy files showed the least dentin removal in all regions compared to the other two files. Conclusion: All three groups under study showed statistically significant differences in dentin thickness post-instrumentation. However, The TruNatomy File System showed better conservation of tooth structure compared to ProTaperNext And Hyflex EDM file system.

Published by: Dr. Pradnya V. Bansode, Dr. Madhuri B. Wavdhane, Dr. Seema D. Pathak, Dr. Aishwarya Kiran JadhavResearch Area: Endodontics

Organisation: Government Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad (Chh. Sambhajinagar), Maharashtra.Keywords: Protaper Next File System, Trunatomy File System, Hyflex EDM File System, Remaining Dentin Thickness, CBCT.

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Review Paper

2. Antimicrobial Hydrogels: A Review

Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks created by crosslinking hydrophilic polymer chains. These networks, made from either natural or synthetic polymers, can absorb a significant amount of water, giving the material a soft consistency similar to living tissues. The rise in microbial infections, particularly those impacting wound healing and causing biomedical implant failures, has driven the innovation of new materials with antimicrobial properties. These specialized hydrogels incorporate antimicrobial agents or possess inherent antimicrobial properties, offering promising solutions for medical applications such as wound healing, infection prevention, and tissue engineering. Their biocompatibility makes hydrogels an ideal foundation for creating materials with targeted antimicrobial effects. Antimicrobial hydrogels can be achieved by incorporating or covalently attaching known antimicrobial agents, or by designing the hydrogel to have inherent anti-microbial capabilities. This review presents an overview of these innovative antimicrobial hydrogels, highlighting their applications, effectiveness, and limitations.

Published by: Dr. Pradnya V. Bansode, Dr. M. B. Wavdhane, Dr. Seema D. Pathak, Dr. Vishal JawadwadResearch Area: Dental

Organisation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, GDC and Hospital, Aurangabad/MUHS, IndiaKeywords: Hydrogels; Demineralized Dentin Matrix; Drug Delivery Systems; Regenerative Endodontics.

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Review Paper

3. Post-Operative Sensitivity Following Composite Resin Restoration : A Guide for Prevention

One of the main causes of dental visits is pain, and clinical findings show that patients complain of dentinal sensitivity in a variety of settings and to varying degrees of severity. Even in cases where there is no obvious deterioration in the restoration, this is a very common issue following resin composite dental restorations. This bibliographic research aimed to determine the reasons behind post-operative sensitivity in resin composite restorations and provide preventative measures so that practitioners might utilise this knowledge to lessen the incidence of this annoyance in their day-to-day work. Analysis was done on the entire texts of pertinent articles. Post-operative sensitivity in direct resin composite restorations can have a number of causes, including errors in diagnosis, treatment indications, cavity preparation, material insertion, hard dental tissue hybridisation, finishing, and polishing the restoration. In order to prevent or reduce the likelihood of post-operative sensitivity, it is essential at every stage of the restorative process that an accurate diagnosis should be made and appropriate method should be employed.

Published by: Dr. Pradnya V. Bansode, Dr. Seema D Pathak, Dr. M B Wavdhane, Dr. Shriya R. OstwalResearch Area: Dental

Organisation: GDCH, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IndiaKeywords: Composite, Sensitivity, Post-Operative, Immediate Dentin Sealing, Decoupling

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Review Paper

4. Should Rainwater Harvesting be Made Mandatory in India

According to the World Bank, India is among the most water stressed countries in the world. India's water crisis is a complex issue that stems from a combination of multiple factors mainly rapid and unplanned urbanization and industrialization, unsustainable agricultural practices, climate change, water mismanagement, poor urban and rural planning rising sea levels and increasing pollution. The looming water crisis cannot be left ignored as it can impact the health of the population and the nation’s economic adversely. Among proposed solutions, rainwater harvesting emerges as a cost-effective solution that can be undertaken at the grass root level by the citizens themselves too. This paper analyses its advantages and challenges in an Indian context. According to the World Bank, India is among the most water stressed countries in the world. India's water crisis is a complex issue that stems from a combination of multiple factors mainly rapid and unplanned urbanization and industrialization, unsustainable agricultural practices, climate change, water mismanagement, poor urban and rural planning rising sea levels and increasing pollution. The looming water crisis cannot be left ignored as it can impact the health of the population and the nation’s economic adversely. Among proposed solutions, rainwater harvesting emerges as a cost-effective solution that can be undertaken at the grass root level by the citizens themselves too. This paper analyses its advantages and challenges in an Indian context.

Published by: Madhav AgarwalResearch Area: Environmental Science

Organisation: Step By Step School, NoidaKeywords: Water Crisis, Climate Change, Urbanisation, Agriculture, Pollution, Urban Planning, Mismanagement, Rainwater Harvesting

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Research Paper

5. Maldives’ Foreign Policy and its Effect on the Tourism Industry

The Maldives, a republic of 185 islands home to 550,000 people, has made the most of its geographic location to become a well-liked tourism destination during the past 50 years. Recent events demonstrate the Maldives' dramatic change in foreign policy. Though the scenario may be best understood as representing a smaller state's unease with a revived age of strategic rivalry, a desire to broaden its range of relationships, and an atmosphere of heightened nationalism, the leadership shift is sometimes presented as a zero-sum, pro-China turn. This will be an experiment since the Maldives' security forces will need more capability to carry out independent missions including hydrography, medical evacuation, and marine surveillance. The most recent catalyst was the use of crude language by Maldivian officials against Indians in general and Prime Minister Narendra Modi in particular. President Mohamed Muizzu's new administration requested that India remove its military soldiers, and he made China the destination of one of his first foreign trips. During his visit, Maldives President Muizzu also exhorts China to retake the top rank in tourist arrivals, which India has been holding for the past few years.

Published by: Yuvraj MehtaResearch Area: Economics And Business

Organisation: The Cathedral and John Connon School, MumbaiKeywords: Power Bloc, Archipelago, Sovereignty, Diplomacy, Foreign Policy, Climate Change, Bilateral Relations, Net Zero, Islamic Identity, Saarc, Regional Stability, Un, Ilo,Miga, Non-Aligned, Gross Domestic Product, Geopolitical, Human Rights, Infrastructure, Hydrographic, Consular Services, Multilateral, Adaptability, Shipping Lanes, Boycott, Expatriate, Radicalization, Sustainability, Public Service, Emissions, Cooperation, Security, Tourism, Economic Development, Policy, Derogatory Remarks, Favouritism, Hydrographic Survey Agreement

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Research Paper

6. Impact of Academic Stress on Daytime Sleepiness of Adolescents (10th to 12th Grade)

For school going adolescents, academic stress has become a major source for their stress levels and this inevitably impacts their health. One of the important biologically necessary aspect which is impacted is sleep. Disturbed sleep patterns are often observed in students with academic stress. Hence this paper used ESS-CHAD and PSS testing techniques to determine the relationship between daytime sleepiness and academic stress. The study hypothesises a positive correlation between the two variables. A cohort of 33 students were surveyed based on the tests mentioned above. The results indeed found a positive correlation between the two variables. Hence, the study concluded that academic stress must be abated in order to reduce its negative impacts on adolescents and to maintain their health.

Published by: UrviResearch Area: Psychology

Organisation: Harvard Student AgencyKeywords: Academic Stress, Sleep, Daytime Sleepiness

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Research Paper

7. AI and IoT-Driven Automatic Abdominal Retractor System: Revolutionizing Surgical Techniques

In this paper, an AI and IoT-driven automatic abdominal retractor system designed to enhance surgical precision and efficiency by maintaining consistent retraction forces and intelligently guiding surgical procedures through real-time data from a webcam-based AI tool. Traditional abdominal retractors, manually operated by surgical assistants, often lead to variability in retraction force and increased surgical risks. The proposed system automates this process, ensuring uniform and precise retraction, while also assisting the surgeon in determining the optimal incision points during surgery. The system incorporates a high-definition webcam that continuously monitors the surgical field, utilizing advanced AI-driven image processing to analyze the live video feed. The AI tool identifies key anatomical landmarks and pinpoints the exact location where the surgeon needs to operate, providing real-time feedback and guidance. This allows surgeons to make more accurate decisions, improving both efficiency and patient outcomes. The information is relayed via an IoT-based interface, enabling real-time adjustments and coordination between the retractor’s movements and the surgeon’s actions. The retractor mechanism operates along three axes—front-back, up-down, and open-close—controlled by a Node MCU IoT device, STM32 microcontroller, and motor driver circuits. The system is powered either by a battery or a standard power supply, ensuring operational flexibility in various clinical settings. Additionally, the IoT connectivity enables remote monitoring and control, allowing for adjustments in real-time as needed. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize surgical procedures by integrating automation and AI, ultimately improving the accuracy, safety, and outcomes of surgeries.

Published by: Pravin MohiteResearch Area: Electronics Engineering

Organisation: G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management, Wagholi Pune, IndiaKeywords: Automatic abdominal retractor, AI-driven surgery, IoT-based surgical tools, STM32 controller, Node MCU, Motor driver circuit, Real-time retraction, Surgical automation, Webcam-based AI, Remote surgical monitoring.

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Research Paper

8. Advancements in the Development of Sustainable (Textile) Materials and their Recycling Methods

Due to inadequate recycling systems and the complex nature of textile products, each year, millions of tonnes of textile waste end up in landfills or are incinerated globally. This paper seeks to highlight the advancements in sustainability for textile materials, focusing on cotton and polyester, and analyse their respective recycling methods to identify strategies for reducing the annual production of textile waste. Environmental issues raised by textile materials are also considered, such as the non-biodegradability of polyester and the large amount of freshwater used in cotton production. This study examines innovative materials that can substitute traditional fibres, such as organic cotton and bio-based polyesters, highlighting their role in reducing the environmental impact of textile production. Additionally, the paper evaluates various recycling methods for these fibres and their effectiveness in managing textile waste. It was analysed that there has been a fivefold increase in publications of textile recycling from 2011 to 2021, reflecting rising global interest and progress. The trend towards sustainable fashion, embraced by many brands, highlights an increase in customer demand for eco- friendly choices and aims to minimise the industry’s environmental impact. Conclusively, further research must optimise technology to develop new sustainable materials while simultaneously maintaining an affordable price to encourage the purchase of these products among consumers.

Published by: Reya Sanjay Kamdar PandeResearch Area: Textile Engineering/Chemical Engineering

Organisation: Prabhavati Padamshi Soni International Junior College, MumbaiKeywords: Textile, Fibres, Cotton, Polyester, Sustainability, Recycling, Environment

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Online paper publication is ongoing for the current issue and authors can submit their paper for this issue until Ongoing Submissions.