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A Deep Dive into the Adversarial Training Process of Modern LLMs

Large language models can be trained to resist jailbreak attempts in order to ensure the model’s safety. This literature review analyzes common adversarial training techniques used in modern LLMs to understand and break down the process of adversarial training. The paper looks into 6 training techniques, ranging from PGD to Deployment Time Safety Layers and Model Editing. For each method, we look into how they work behind the scenes, their strengths, weaknesses, and real-world usage. We then synthesize the most effective manner of training models against adversarial inputs. This research revealed that the most effective training technique emphasizes a multilayered defense strategy. Future research can look at improving model-editing coverage, creating open-sourced LLM benchmarks to test against jailbreaks, and closing the divide between embedding-space and discrete input training.

Published by: Armaan Mahajan

Author: Armaan Mahajan

Paper ID: V11I5-1137

Paper Status: published

Published: September 4, 2025

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Research Paper

Analytical Electrochemical– Mechanical Simulation Model for Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Under External Load

The performance of lithium-ion pouch cells is significantly affected by external mechanical loads in addition to electrochemical operating conditions. This study presents a simplified electrochemical-mechanical model to analyze the influence of compressive forces on a 19.6 Ah lithium-ion pouch cell. External loads are translated into strain using a stiffness-based formulation, which is further linked to porosity variation, capacity fade, and internal resistance rise. A voltage model incorporating open-circuit voltage and ohmic drops is used to simulate discharge characteristics under different charge/discharge rates (0.25C, 0.5C, and 1C) and mechanical loads (0–8 kg). Simulation results indicate that increasing load leads to reduced capacity and elevated resistance, with the effect becoming more pronounced at higher C-rates. Quasi-open circuit voltage (Quasi-OCV) comparisons further reveal measurable shifts in voltage–SOC profiles before and after loading. The proposed framework provides a computationally efficient and adaptable tool for exploring electrochemical–mechanical interactions, offering valuable insights for battery design, safety, and performance optimization.

Published by: Tanmaya Maharana, Dr. Sandeep G Thorat

Author: Tanmaya Maharana

Paper ID: V11I4-1231

Paper Status: published

Published: September 1, 2025

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Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Canal Lining Applications

The growing demand for sustainable water management and efficient irrigation systems has underscored the importance of durable and long-lasting canal lining materials. Conventional concrete linings often suffer from issues such as cracking, abrasion, water seepage, and reduced service life, especially in regions subjected to harsh environmental and hydraulic conditions. This study focuses on the development and performance evaluation of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC) specifically designed for canal lining applications. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the mechanical properties, impermeability, and crack resistance of canal lining materials by incorporating various types of fibers—such as steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, and hybrid combinations—into high-performance concrete mixes. The investigation includes a comprehensive analysis of the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, water absorption, shrinkage, and erosion resistance of the developed concrete mixes. In addition, a comparative study is conducted between conventional concrete and HPFRC under simulated field conditions, including wet-dry cycles, thermal variations, and flowing water erosion. The findings of this research are expected to demonstrate that HPFRC offers significant improvements in structural integrity, service life, and impermeability, making it a superior material for modern canal lining projects. The study also discusses the economic and environmental feasibility of using fiber-reinforced high-performance concrete on a large scale, with potential benefits in water conservation and reduction of maintenance costs. This work aims to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for engineers and policymakers involved in the design and construction of durable and sustainable canal infrastructure, especially in water-scarce and agricultural regions.

Published by: Pratik Pateriya, Tarun Kumar Rajak, Alok Kumar Jain

Author: Pratik Pateriya

Paper ID: V11I4-1232

Paper Status: published

Published: August 29, 2025

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Research Paper

Experimental Study on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk and Bentonite

The growing emphasis on sustainable construction has led to the exploration of alternative materials to partially replace cement in concrete, reducing environmental impact and enhancing performance. This study investigates the effects of partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash (RHA) and bentonite in concrete, focusing on its mechanical properties, durability, and microstructural characteristics. RHA, a byproduct of rice milling, is rich in amorphous silica and exhibits excellent pozzolanic properties, while bentonite, a naturally occurring clay, enhances workability and contributes to improved resistance against permeability and cracking. In this experimental study, cement was partially replaced with RHA at 5%, 10%, and 15% and bentonite at 5%, 10%, and 15% in different mix proportions. The concrete specimens were evaluated for workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, and durability characteristics over curing periods of 7, 28, and 56 days. Additionally, durability tests are conducted, such as acid resistance and sorptivity. This study demonstrates the potential of RHA and bentonite as sustainable alternatives to cement in concrete, reducing carbon emissions while enhancing mechanical performance. The findings provide insights into optimizing concrete mix design for sustainable construction applications. Further research is recommended to assess long-term durability and field applications of RHA- and bentonite-based concrete.

Published by: Tushit Pandey, Tarun Kumar Rajak, Alok Kumar Jain

Author: Tushit Pandey

Paper ID: V11I4-1233

Paper Status: published

Published: August 29, 2025

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Research Paper

An Analysis of GST and its Impact on MSMEs in India with Canada as a Control

This research paper delved deeply into the benefits and challenges that micro, small, and medium enterprises faced with the implementation of GST in their respective countries. The research paper took a special interest in India and Canada as comparative territories. Furthermore, we discussed the history of GST and its impact on MSMEs in their respective countries and ultimately commented on whether GST was a boon or a bane in each of these countries.

Published by: Reyaan Dave

Author: Reyaan Dave

Paper ID: V11I4-1227

Paper Status: published

Published: August 28, 2025

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Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of Concrete with Steel Slag as Cement Replacement and Pond Ash as Fine Aggregate Replacement

The present study investigates the potential of incorporating steel slag (SS) as a partial replacement for cement and pond ash (PA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in the development of sustainable concrete. This approach addresses the dual objective of reducing the overconsumption of ordinary Portland cement and natural river sand while providing an eco-friendly disposal route for abundantly available industrial by-products. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to evaluate the effects of SS and PA on workability, compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results revealed that the workability decreased with increasing PA content, while SS up to 20% maintained acceptable slump values. In terms of mechanical performance, SS demonstrated a positive impact, with SS10PA0 achieving the maximum compressive strength of 42 MPa, flexural strength of 5.0 MPa, and UPV of 4.75 km/s, all exceeding the control mix values. Higher PA contents (>20%) resulted in significant reductions in strength and quality indices, indicating its limited applicability as a standalone material. However, combined mixes such as SS10PA10 and SS20PA10 exhibited compressive strength and durability parameters above the target strength, confirming their suitability in practical applications. To optimize performance, a Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based quadratic regression model was developed for predicting flexural strength using compressive strength and UPV as input variables. The model showed a strong correlation (R² = 0.94) with experimental data, highlighting its reliability in predicting concrete performance and reducing reliance on extensive destructive testing. Overall, the study concludes that the judicious incorporation of steel slag up to 20% and pond ash up to 10–20% offers an optimum balance of strength, durability, and workability. The findings establish a viable pathway for utilizing industrial by-products in concrete production, contributing to sustainable construction practices and resource conservation.

Published by: Tarun Kumar Rajak, Roshan Kumar Sahu, Alok Kumar Jain

Author: Tarun Kumar Rajak

Paper ID: V11I4-1226

Paper Status: published

Published: August 28, 2025

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