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Research Paper

Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Asian Countries with Special Emphasis on India

This paper examines the growth trajectory of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across Asian countries, with an emphasis on India. SMEs constitute the backbone of economic development in Asia, contributing significantly to employment generation, poverty alleviation, and export growth, yet they face persistent structural challenges like limited access to finance and inadequate infrastructure. This paper also delves into various Government interventions and policies supporting MSMEs. It also draws a comparison of India with other Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.

Published by: Daksh Singhal

Author: Daksh Singhal

Paper ID: V12I1-1148

Paper Status: published

Published: February 5, 2026

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Research Paper

The Economic Analysis of Gender Pay Gap in Sports

This research paper examines the causes of the gender pay gap in the sports industry. It looks at the many factors affecting the wages of female athletes by highlighting the role of sponsors, industries, labour markets and media. It also reflects the presentation of women in sports using sexual connotations, the limited opportunities and reduced investment they receive, which restricts their skill development and therefore the wages they earn. This research paper emphasises how earnings are not due to lack of performance or athletic abilities, but due to institutional inequalities present in sports industries consisting of women, thus they are not a true reflection of the performance of female athletes.

Published by: Advika Rao

Author: Advika Rao

Paper ID: V12I1-1147

Paper Status: published

Published: February 5, 2026

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Research Paper

Empirical Atmospheric Attenuation Models for Free Space Optical Links using Nigerian Meteorological Data

Accurate prediction of atmospheric attenuation is critical for the reliable deployment of Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems, particularly in regions with diverse climatic conditions. This paper presents a comparative validation of three widely used empirical attenuation models—Kruse, Kim, and Al Naboulsi—using real meteorological visibility data from Nigeria. Visibility records obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) for Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja, Jos, and Kano were used to compute attenuation coefficients at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. Simulation results were compared with attenuation values derived from measured visibility data using correlation and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. Results show that the Kim model provides the highest correlation (0.93) and lowest RMSE (2.7 dB/km), demonstrating superior suitability for tropical atmospheric conditions. The findings offer validated guidelines for selecting appropriate attenuation models for FSO-based 5G backhaul and last-mile deployments in Nigeria.

Published by: Tunde Afolabi, Dr. R. O. Okeke

Author: Tunde Afolabi

Paper ID: V12I1-1137

Paper Status: published

Published: January 23, 2026

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Research Paper

How Do Upcoming Digital Payment System Innovations Affect Consumer Spending and Saving Behavior, and How Does It Affect Overall Economic Growth?

By introducing tools that change saving behaviors and providing convenience that changes spending, the global transition to digital payment systems causes conflict. According to research, the "pain of paying" is lessened in digital transactions, which increases consumer spending by 40–48% and promotes impulsive purchases. On the other hand, automated digital budgeting tools successfully encourage financial resilience and savings. Macroeconomic research demonstrates that market formalization and GDP growth are positively correlated with digital adoption. According to this paper, new behaviorally-designed savings tools offer a necessary counterbalance to the convenience of payments, which drives consumption, but only if they are backed by robust financial literacy and regulatory oversight. Using case studies such as India's UPI and M-Pesa, this paper examines the relationship between payment convenience and spending, the dual impact of digital budgeting tools on saving, and the macroeconomic effects on growth. Innovations in digital payments will speed up formalities and economic activity, but their ability to serve as a strategic pillar for national development depends on how well they strike a balance between transactional convenience and instruments that encourage responsible consumer savings.

Published by: Rayhan Taneja

Author: Rayhan Taneja

Paper ID: V12I1-1142

Paper Status: published

Published: January 21, 2026

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Research Paper

Neuroplasticity Beyond Childhood: Evidence, Influences, & Limitations

This paper explores neuroplasticity in adults, focusing on scientific evidence that shows the adult brain can continue to change and adapt. It explains how neuroplasticity supports learning and cognitive function and may help protect against certain diseases. The paper also examines strategies to enhance neuroplasticity, while reviewing studies with negative results, thus offering a balanced perspective. In addition, the roles of social engagement and stress are discussed to show how the environment factors influence neuroplasticity. Finally, it reviews the modern advances as well as the current limitations in our understanding of the topic.

Published by: Aarav Lohchab

Author: Aarav Lohchab

Paper ID: V12I1-1141

Paper Status: published

Published: January 21, 2026

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Research Paper

The Impact of Various Music Genres on the Emotional and Psychological State of Different Age Groups

Music functions as an extensive emotional and cognitive tool that varies in meaning across the lifespan. Drawing on decades of music‑psychology research, this study examines how five genres—classical, pop, jazz, grunge rock, and ambient (designer) music—serve distinct psychological functions for adolescents, young adults, middle‑aged adults, and older listeners. Classical music is linked to cognitive enhancement, calm, and nostalgia; pop music facilitates mood regulation, identity formation, and social bonding; jazz offers intellectual engagement and emotional complexity that deepens with age; grunge rock provides cathartic expression and identity reinforcement during adolescence and early adulthood, later shifting to nostalgic remembrance; ambient music supplies low‑arousal support for focus, relaxation, and therapeutic applications, especially in later life. The paper integrates traditional survey and experimental findings with large‑scale streaming‑data analytics, demonstrating that genre‑specific listening patterns can be quantified through skip rates, replay frequency, and personalized recommendation algorithms. Results highlight the age‑dependent psychological roles of each genre and illustrate how data‑driven methods can validate and extend theoretical models of music‑induced emotion regulation, identity development, and cognitive support across the human lifespan.

Published by: Sujay Aitha

Author: Sujay Aitha

Paper ID: V11I6-1286

Paper Status: published

Published: January 21, 2026

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