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Research Paper

Design and development of grey water reuse system

Grey water is an alternative source of water which can potentially save a significant quantity of precious drinking water. The present study emphasizes primarily on the treatment of grey water to make it fit for serving various purposes. This paper provides an insight into the design of laboratory scale grey water treatment system, comprises of oxidative mineralization, disinfection, and filtration of grey water. Laboratory scale treatability trails were performed by the means of synthetic grey water and real grey water. Grey water treatment system demonstrated satisfactory removal of contaminants which was evident from the COD removal efficiency of 85% and 90%, TSS removal efficiency of 98% and 86%, and faecal coliform with removal efficiencies of 99% and 96% respectively. It could be inferred from the study finding that the treated water possed low turbidity value (< 1 NTU) and was free of suspended solids. Thus this study explored the capability of the grey water treatment system to carry electrochemical oxidation of grey water contaminants and making treated water fits for reuse. This implies that this treatment technology possesses the potential to be considered as a viable alternative to conventional grey water treatment systems.

Published by: Parameshwaramurthy P. M., Sadashiva Murthy B. M., Krupa Kadekoppa

Author: Parameshwaramurthy P. M.

Paper ID: V4I5-1275

Paper Status: published

Published: September 28, 2018

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Review Paper

A review on brain tumor segmentation techniques

Brain tumor segmentation is the vital requirement on preplanning of surgical treatments that may aid the pathologists to accomplish successful surgical operations on the human brain. In present days brain tumor surgical operations are progressed in the manual approach on hospitals that intakes excess time. Manual brain tumor segmentation is tedious and much depends on the individual operator that may not an advisable one. The literature on brain tumor segmentation consists of many papers related to tumor detection. This paper is a review paper to analyze the recent five papers related to human brain tumor segmentation. This paper analyzes them invariant potential ways to help green researchers to find their research area.

Published by: Nisha B., Victor Jose M.

Author: Nisha B.

Paper ID: V4I5-1208

Paper Status: published

Published: September 27, 2018

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Research Paper

A search for the source of high content of sodium chloride (NaCl) at Crater Lake Lonar, Maharashtra, India

Highly saline and highly alkaline nature of lake water is observed at Lonar Crater from ancient time till today. The formation of this lake is related to the formation of the crater by the impact of a meteorite forming Soda Lake. The existence of NaCl (Sea salt/common salt) in such a large quantity at Lonar, where the source is unknown because the formation of NaCl salt is a natural process and it may have started before the sea came into existence after the formation of the earth. The surrounding basaltic rocks has no NaCl salt or Chlorides content. A search was conducted to find the source of NaCl, which constantly maintained high salinity and at the same time high alkalinity from ancient time. Three edible salts i.e., Halite rock salt (mineral form of NaCl), Kala namak (Black salt) and Sea salt (common salt) having similar physical properties as representative samples were taken for comparison with respect to Lonar salt. After analysis of the three salts namely Halite (rock salt), Kala Namak and Sea Salt, the major component found was NaCl in various amounts. It was found that the major component NaCl was also present in Lonar Salt which suggested that the source of high salinity may be from the remains of an ancient dried up sea which existed before volcanic eruption of 65ma, or there may be store house of NaCl salts beneath the basaltic rocks which reflects the primitive ecosystem lying under primitive basaltic rock, totally unknown and have not been excavated. This paper reports the findings and the work carried out to search for the source of high content of NaCl (sea salt also known as common salt) existing at the Crater Lake, Lonar on preliminary basis.

Published by: Raju D. Jadhav, Harishchandra B. Mali

Author: Raju D. Jadhav

Paper ID: V4I5-1242

Paper Status: published

Published: September 27, 2018

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Research Paper

Exponential stability in time-delay systems

In this paper, we defined exponential stability for nonlinear time-delay systems with delayed impulses. We derive the Lyapunov-based sufficient conditions for exponential stability. We show that the nonlinear impulsive time-delay system without impulse input delays is exponentially stable under the conditions. It is shown that the stable nonlinear impulsive time-delay system. It is a magnitude of the delayed impulses is sufficiently small, under the same conditions. The delayed impulses do not destroy the stability of the sizes of the impulse input delays.

Published by: D. Deepika, S. Ramadevi, S. Mehar Banu

Author: D. Deepika

Paper ID: V4I5-1264

Paper Status: published

Published: September 27, 2018

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Research Paper

Low power design of 4-bits counter at circuit and system level of abstraction

This paper presents a design of Low power 4 bits Counter at circuit and system level of abstraction using Cadence Virtuoso and Xilinx ISE 14.7 respectively. The laboratory work described includes the CMOS based transistor level design and VHDL based synthesis and implementation of the counter using back end and front end tools respectively. The functionality of the design has been simulated and tested using 0.18µm gdpk CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage using cadence virtuoso for back-end designing whereas, Xilinx ISE 14.7 is used for front-end simulation, synthesized using plan¬-ahead and is implemented on ArtixTM-7(family), with device xC7A100TTM. Power calculation has been done at 100 MHz clock frequency for the 1.8V supply voltage.

Published by: Nidhi Khanna, Renu Mehta, Dr. R. S. Gamad

Author: Nidhi Khanna

Paper ID: V4I5-1254

Paper Status: published

Published: September 26, 2018

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Research Paper

Seismic risk assessment of an industrial steel building

The industrial building plays an important role in the operation and production. Industrial Buildings are designed for wind loads in the transverse direction as steel lattice towers are less sensitive to earthquake loads. In Recent times the collapse of transmission lines towers, under wind loading, has been increasing. Although the damages are controllable the threat under wind hazard is big concerns for designers. Similarly, the seismic analysis of Industrial Building is equally important as the response due to an earthquake may be severe than due to wind load. Recent cases of damage to Industrial Building during earthquake are during the 1994 Northridge earthquake two Industrial Building collapsed due to large ground motion, during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake led to blackouts in the central and northern regions of Taiwan The main aim of the study provides which method is most economical method and, high bending strength, more load carrying capacity and high flexural strength by analysis of both working stress and limit state method. An investigation of the seismic response of an existing industrial steel building is presented in the following. Starting from as-built data collection, the study has been addressed to develop the complete process of seismic risk assessment, through the use of current performance-based analysis methods. This paper is focused on the main modelling aspects and results from analysis of seismic performance upon integration with site-specific hazard, the structural risk assessment, that is, a probability of failures. These buildings require large and clear areas unobstructed by the columns. The large floor area provides sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the production layout without major building alterations. The industrial buildings are constructed with adequate headroom for the use of an overhead traveling crane. There are various international codes available for the design of steel structures. Developments are still going on, to achieve the great economy by using different methods as well as by using different codes of practice. By using this study, we can make a relation between the different parameter of codes, to achieve the above goals of a structural engineer.

Published by: Habibur Rahaman, Faiyaz Azam, Mirza Aamir Baig

Author: Habibur Rahaman

Paper ID: V4I5-1266

Paper Status: published

Published: September 26, 2018

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