Study of prevalence of hypothyroidism in biliary stone patients
Biliary lithiasis is one of the most common biliary pathothogy with a reported prevalence of approximately 6%-12%. The pathogenesis of biliary lithiasis is complex and a multifactorial process involving factors which affect the bile content and bile flow. Hypersaturation of bile with cholesterol and biliary stasis have been shown to be crucial factors in development of biliary stones. Hypothyroidism has a worldwide population prevalence of 4%-5%. It leads to decrease in liver cholesterol metabolism causing serum hypercholesterolemia with 90% of hypothyroid patients having elevated cholesterol levels; approximately 50% higher than in euthyroid patients. This hypercholesterolemia may result in hypersaturation of bile with cholesterol. Cholesterol hypersaturation of bile results in impaired motility, decreased contractility and reduced filling of the gallbladder causing prolonged stay of bile in the gallbladder contributing to retention of cholesterol crystals which may lead to nucleation and continuous growth into mature gallstones. Biliary stasis is also caused by sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia leading to formation of gallbladder and bile duct stones. Several hormones have been shown to affect spincter of Oddi activity including thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones have been shown to have a direct pro-relaxing effect on sphincter of Oddi and lack of this effect in hypothyroidism may result in delayed bile flow which may lead to the formation of biliary stones. An increased prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.3%) among biliary stone disease patients was found in our study, with prevalence rate being comparatively higher in CBD stone patients. Hypercholesterolemia was found in 91.67% of the patients having hypothyroidism.
Published by: Dr. Nikhil Dureja, Dr. Satyendra Pal Singh
Author: Dr. Nikhil Dureja
Paper ID: V5I1-1356
Paper Status: published
Published: February 19, 2019
Experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with plastic pet (bottle) fibres as partial replacement of fine aggregates
Plastic bottles are major issue of solid waste disposal. Several things which were invented for our convenient life are responsible for polluting environment due to improper waste management technique. One of them is a plastic which has to be disposed or recycled properly to maintain the beauty of our nature. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester) are routinely used for carbonated beverage and water bottles. This is an environmental issue as waste plastic bottles are difficult to biodegrade and involves processes either to recycle or reuse. In the Modern world, the construction industry is searching for cost-effective materials for enhancing the strength of concrete structures. This work is carried out with the possibility of using the waste PET bottles as the partial replacement of aggregate in Portland cement. Concrete with 1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% and 5% PET bottle fibers for fine aggregate were produced and compared against control mix with no replacement. Cube specimens, cylinder specimens and prism specimens were cast, cured and tested for 7 day and 28 days strength. Tests such as Compression test, splitting tensile test and flexural strength tests were done and the results were compared with control specimens and results were compared. The observed results revealed an increase in compression and tensile strength hence with the increasing demand for fine aggregate, PET bottle fiber replacements can be adopted. This study was carried to investigate the properties of concrete with plastic pet (bottle) fibres as partial replacement of fine aggregates.
Published by: Younus Maqbool, Maqsood Yousf, Harmeet Kaur, Mir Shaid Majid, Arshied Hussain Bhat
Author: Younus Maqbool
Paper ID: V5I1-1328
Paper Status: published
Published: February 19, 2019
Land administration through e-governance: A study on Bhoomi project
India is an agrarian economy, agriculture is the back bone, which supports the nation. These farmers who shoulder the noble responsibility of feeding the nation have been exploited from time immemorial. Legislation such as ‘tiller is the owner of land’, ‘imposition of land ceilings’ or ‘movement such as Bhoodana’ during the era of independence has no doubt brought some relief to the farming segment, but the socio-economic condition of the farmers community has not witnessed drastic improvement. The poor land management practices identified have adversely affected the productivity. Therefore, to address this issue, a well defined, more structured land right system needs to be developed. Government of Karnataka has initiated e-governance through services like Bhoomi (computerization of land records), Kaveri (registration after verification), Mojini (measurement of properties). Out of all these ‘Bhoomi’ is definitely a mile stone service, its planning and implementation is being applauded and replicated all over the world as this was seen as more effective and promising approach to address land rights related problems.
Published by: Thippeswamy, Dr. Ravindra Kumar
Author: Thippeswamy
Paper ID: V5I1-1339
Paper Status: published
Published: February 19, 2019
Traffic control using computer vision
Now a days traffic density on the streets increasing around the world tremendously . It causes several problems on the day to day life of people. As we know that it is the era of speed, so that nobody wants to wait for a long time at any cost. Everybody prefers to low traffic density streets. This proposed system introduced a vehicle density-based traffic control system to avoid above issues. This problem can be resolved by controlling the traffic density on the roads. This system introduces a new method to control vehicle density by controlling the traffic lights using Image processing. Vehicle density is measured using predefined classifiers available in image processing. If the measured density is above the normal density (threshold value) it passes an indication to the microcontroller which controls the projector and thereby we can give appropriate traffic signal to display.
Published by: Greeshma C. A., Nidhindas K. R., Parvathi Kishore P., Sreejith P. S.
Author: Greeshma C. A.
Paper ID: V5I1-1338
Paper Status: published
Published: February 19, 2019
A study on strength and durability of concrete made with saw ash dust
Saw dust is also known as wooden dust. It is the remains of cutting & drilling wood. It is composed of fine particles of wood, certain inserts which live in wood such as carpenter out. It is produced as small irregular chips or small garbage of wood during sowing the logs of wood into different sizes. In this study, saw dust ash prepared from uncontrolled burning of saw dust is evaluated for it suit ability as partial cement replacement in concrete. The strength parameters i.e. compressive strength of concrete with blended saw dust ash cement are evaluated & studied by replacing cement by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by wt. to OPC. Utilizing saw dust waste this research will focus on saw dust wastes obtained from the wooden industry in India. Presently, much of ceramic industries production goes to waste, which is not undergoing the recycle process yet. Replacement of saw ash dust different percentage as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of saw dust as partial replacement of cement with M-25 grade of concrete. The age of concrete at 7, 14, 28 and 56days.From the results of the study, samples of concrete with 0 to 5% saw ash dust replacement have reached optimum strength. Findings showed that concrete containing saw ash dust 0 to 5% showed the highest amount of compressive strength, and split tensile strength of concrete and also find durability aspect of concrete as acid resistance test and alkalinity resistance is minimum effect of concrete up to 5 % replacement of saw ash dust with cement after increasing percentage of SAD in concrete than increasing loss of concrete mass and compressive strength respectively. Further studies can be carried out as this study only concludes that there is an increase in strength up to 5% replacement of cement by the saw ash powder. Further scope is to find out the optimal %age of saw ash powder to replace than increasing compressive strength as well tensile strength and also minimum loss of strength after acid and alkalinity resistance test.
Published by: Akansha Gangwani, Vijay Kumar Meshram
Author: Akansha Gangwani
Paper ID: V5I1-1347
Paper Status: published
Published: February 18, 2019
Implemented the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by the techniques of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in MSE’s- A case study
In this era of globalization and open knowledge-based economy, the overall focus converges through the Total Productive Maintenance concept applied in industries. For the Indian organization, TPM is a new concept. In Total Productive Maintenance, various types of maintenance are analyzed viz. Total Predictive Maintenance, Total Preventive Maintenance. TPM has the objective of zero breakdowns and zero defects. This thesis impacts on the TPM approach in an MSE’s where the existing overall equipment efficiency is low. The implementation of TPM takes about three to four years for reaching to a certain level and the success depends upon how the whole structure is defined and systematically worked out. Various data acquisition techniques and TPM analysis techniques like Pareto analysis and why-why analysis, make data tables has done to know the different reasons and their contribution to total downtime. In this case study analysis of break down, TPM implementation and OEE improvement after TPM implementation are presented. The problems related to safety, machine maintenance and breakdowns were referred to management for further action. A study on the breakdown of different machines was also conducted and submitted to the management to improve the quality. The study helps the management to decide some concrete action plans to improve the overall equipment efficiency by adopting TPM in their plant.
Published by: Atul Pandey, Susheel Malviya, Sachin Jain
Author: Atul Pandey
Paper ID: V5I1-1326
Paper Status: published
Published: February 18, 2019
