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Performance Appraisal- A source of employee motivation in a Small Organisation

In today’s competitive and dynamic business environment, small organisations play a crucial role in economic development and job creation. However, their success largely depends on the motivation and commitment of their employees. Performance appraisal, when implemented effectively, serves as a key human resource tool to recognise employee contributions, provide constructive feedback, and foster motivation. This paper explores how performance appraisal systems influence employee motivation in small organisations. It analyses the relationship between fair evaluation, feedback mechanisms, goal alignment, and intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. The study is based on a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews conducted among employees of small enterprises. Findings reveal that transparent and participatory appraisal systems enhance motivation and job satisfaction, while a lack of clarity and bias in evaluation tend to demotivate employees. The paper concludes with recommendations for designing simple yet effective performance appraisal systems tailored to the needs of small organisations.

Published by: Rakshita Bhatt

Author: Rakshita Bhatt

Paper ID: V11I6-1156

Paper Status: published

Published: November 13, 2025

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Locating the Role of Naga Women in the Naga Political Process since the Nineties

The 1990s were a significant period in Naga politics. The period witnessed the intensification of inter-factional violence between warring Naga insurgent groups. The signing of the ceasefire agreement between the Indian government and the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) in 1997, and the subsequent peace talks that followed decades of violence, opened democratic space for Naga civil society to actively engage in the political process. Within this new dispensation, Naga women’s entry into the public sphere as ‘mothers’, rooted in private values and attributes such as nurturing, caring, and pacificatio, assumes significance. Naga women, traditionally confined to the private sphere, carved out a space for themselves in the public sphere by mobilizing for peace through a motherhood strategy. Based on primary and secondary sources, the paper examines the unique role that Naga women play in the public sphere, within the constraints of a traditional patriarchal ethos and Naga tribal customary practices that define gendered roles and perceptions for women. The paper concludes that the peace activism of Naga women in the public sphere has, in a way, empowered their political agency to assert for gender justice and greater participation and representation in formal politics. The 1990s were a significant period in Naga politics. The period witnessed the intensification of inter-factional violence between warring Naga insurgent groups. The signing of the ceasefire agreement between the Indian government and the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) in 1997, and the subsequent peace talks that followed decades of violence, opened democratic space for Naga civil society to actively engage in the political process. Within this new dispensation, Naga women’s entry into the public sphere as ‘mothers’, rooted in private values and attributes such as nurturing, caring, and pacification, assumes significance. Naga women, traditionally confined to the private sphere, carved out a space for themselves in the public sphere by mobilizing for peace through a motherhood strategy. Based on primary and secondary sources, the paper examines the unique role that Naga women play in the public sphere, within the constraints of a traditional patriarchal ethos and Naga tribal customary practices that define gendered roles and perceptions for women.

Published by: Narotila Imchen

Author: Narotila Imchen

Paper ID: V11I6-1140

Paper Status: published

Published: November 12, 2025

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Research Paper

A Comprehensive Analysis of Why Startups Fail

Young enterprises significantly contribute to fostering creativity and boosting national prosperity; however, many of them encounter substantial setbacks during their early stages. The study examines the major factors contributing to business failures by integrating scholarly works and analyzing real-world examples. Research suggests that an unmet marketplace need, coupled with insufficiently compelling offerings, continues to be the primary reason for failure in business ventures. Lack of financial resources, such as insufficient funds and poor management of cash flows, intensifies volatility. Business strategies lacking in scalability or profit potential frequently result from inadequate strategic foresight, leading to premature failure at the inception stages. Moreover, poor teamwork, disagreements among leaders, and a lack of flexible abilities impede productivity and strategic thinking. Exogenous factors like compliance hurdles, innovation shifts, and global economic fluctuations exacerbate inherent organizational flaws. This research incorporates findings from reports like the Startup Genome Report and analysis by CB Insights to classify failures based on both intrinsic factors related to strategy, finances, management, and extrinsic elements affecting market conditions and environments. The document underscores that achieving successful startups requires skill in strategy, precise market fit validation, robust management skills, and continuous improvement through repetition. This research provides an analytical model of how startups fail, helping business owners, financiers, and government officials manage risks effectively and make well-informed choices.

Published by: Gowardhan Veerdhawal Dafale, Omkar Shirish Kshirsagar, Vaishnavi Baban Ugale, Sanika Sunil Sankpal, Kunjan Atul Bhate, Mohit Satish Saindane

Author: Gowardhan Veerdhawal Dafale

Paper ID: V11I5-1312

Paper Status: published

Published: November 11, 2025

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Research Paper

A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Predictive Analytics in Detecting Security Breaches Across Industrial IoT-Based Critical Infrastructure in U.S. Organizations

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies have emerged with significant security challenges due to increasing interconnectivity and network complexity. Thus, this study proposes and tests a centralized deep-learning intrusion detection system (IDS) particularly designed for IIoT networks. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs) were implemented in PyTorch and TensorFlow, and their performance was assessed on the CIC IoT-DIAD 2024 dataset to simulate real industrial traffic and varied attack vectors. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices were used for the evaluation metrics. Results showed that the TensorFlow CNN achieved the highest detection rate (80.1%), followed very closely by the PyTorch CNN (77.3%), highlighting the superior performance of CNN architectures, especially on TensorFlow, in recognizing intricate spatial patterns in IIoT traffic. The comparative research enhances IIoT cybersecurity research by identifying efficient deep learning models for intrusion detection and proposing a framework for adoption in industrial systems to improve resilience and mitigate vulnerability to advanced cyberattacks.

Published by: Tolulope Onasanya, Adeogo Olajide, Oduwunmi Odukoya, Hannah I. Tanimowo

Author: Tolulope Onasanya

Paper ID: V11I5-1314

Paper Status: published

Published: November 11, 2025

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Research Paper

Experimental Investigation of Coconut Shell as a Lightweight Aggregate in Concrete

This experimental study investigates the feasibility of utilising coconut shell as a partial replacement for conventional coarse aggregates in M20 grade concrete. The aim is to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of lightweight concrete produced using varying percentages of coconut shell aggregates (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Experimental parameters such as workability, density, and compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days were analysed. Results indicated that a 20% replacement of coarse aggregates with coconut shells provided an optimal balance between strength and weight reduction, making it suitable for non-structural and low-load-bearing applications. The study concludes that coconut shell concrete is an eco-friendly alternative for sustainable construction practices.

Published by: Samuel Abraham D, Gururaj R, Mubarak A, Sarathy K, Vimal Singh K

Author: Samuel Abraham D

Paper ID: V11I5-1292

Paper Status: published

Published: November 7, 2025

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Research Paper

Impact of AI and Automation on Employee Upskilling Needs

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation are transforming the global labour market by redefining job roles, required competencies, and organisational learning priorities. This study investigates the growing need for upskilling among employees as workplaces adopt AI-enabled systems. The study combines insights from established global and Indian literature with sample-based data to analyze how AI adoption impacts workforce readiness and skill development. Data from institutional reports such as the International Association of Workforce Professionals (2024), All Multidisciplinary Journal (2025), SDMIMD HR Conference (2023), and Taylor & Francis (2021) were examined alongside sample dataset analysis. The findings indicate that while automation displaces repetitive jobs, it simultaneously generates demand for complex cognitive, technical, and interpersonal skills. Indian organizations are rapidly adopting AI tools but often lack structured training mechanisms to address the emerging skill gap. The study emphasizes that strategic upskilling programs, leadership involvement, and policy support are critical for sustaining employability and competitiveness in the AI era.

Published by: Aishwarya Nikhal, Aanchal Amodkar, Aditya Yanpallewar, Adesh Bhosale, Aastha Sharma

Author: Aishwarya Nikhal

Paper ID: V11I5-1268

Paper Status: published

Published: November 5, 2025

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