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Seed quality assurance regulations and certification system in India: A review

The Certified seed being a soul of agriculture is scientifically produced from the seed of known genetic origin and genetic purity with controlled and tested production, processed, and declared in accordance with the Law on Seeds. Seed certification is a legally sanctioned system for quality control and seed multiplication and production as the quality seeds are inevitable to meet the challenges of the ever-increasing population by ensuring food security. Seed; being a carrier of technology, over a period of time emerged as a trade commodity. Seed quality assurance in India is subjected to the jurisdiction of the Seeds Act 1966, wherein quality seed must satisfy the requirements of Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (IMSCS), whereas; under the global scenario seed quality assurance system for seed export comes under the scope of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standards and International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) methodology of seed testing. The present paper reviews the important stages of the seed certification procedure to be followed to ensure the quality of seed and related aspects of quality regulations in the Indian contest.

Published by: Dr. Vaibhav V. Ujjainkar

Author: Dr. Vaibhav V. Ujjainkar

Paper ID: V8I3-1448

Paper Status: published

Published: July 5, 2022

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Research Paper

Technical Loss Reduction on Feeder-3 of an Electric Cooperative In Pampanga, Anao Substation by Feeder Reconductoring

A technical loss reduction program has been activated by distribution utilities due to the increasing electricity demand. This paper focuses on the analysis of reconductoring the existing Feeder 3 with 3-phase, 2/0 conductors, ACSR, and 19.6 km in length. Feeder reconductoring is a technique where the existing conductor of the feeder is replaced by a more prominent conductor of optimal size and length. Two alternatives had been proposed; 4/0 conductor size was proposed in Alternative 1, while 336 size conductor was proposed in Alternative 2 in reconductoring the existing feeder. Technical loss reduction analysis, voltage regulation analysis, and cost-benefit analysis were performed to determine what alternative reduce the technical loss significantly, improve the voltage regulation, increase the capacity of the wire and be more economical to the distribution utility. Considering the results, Alternative 2 accounts for the highest reduction in technical loss, with an average of 65.8% technical loss reduction from 2022 to 2023. Also, Alternative 2 has the most significant improvement in voltage regulation with an average of 1.39% regulation due to low voltage drop. In terms of economic factors, implementing Alternative 2 is more beneficial to the distribution utility and can save 1,532.54 MWh of energy from 2022 to 2031. If converted into a monetary unit, the distribution utility can save Php 14,620,462.32. Implementing Alternative 2 is attainable and justifiable since the Benefit/Cost ratio is greater than 1.

Published by: Russel M. Serna, Glennmar L. Dela Cruz, Jonathan D. Mercado, Arsenio B. Manlapaz Jr., Alma L. Tangcuangco, Edgardo M. Santos, Louie G. Serrano

Author: Russel M. Serna

Paper ID: V8I3-1409

Paper Status: published

Published: July 5, 2022

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Research Paper

Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths and Associated Factors among the Inhabitants of Selected Villages, around Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2021 to March 2022 to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated factors among the inhabitants of selected villages around Usman Danfodiyo University Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on the demographic and risk factors associated with the intestinal helminth infections, stool samples were collected and examined for helminth eggs using the formalin-ether concentration technique. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminth infection in the study area was Ascaris hembricoides (35.0%) Strongyloides Stercorarius (9.0%), Trichuris trichivra (7.5%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.5%) and Heokwom (3.0%). Out of the 200 subjects examined for infection, 119 (59.5%) were found to be positive. The prevalence of helminthic infection in relation to sex was recorded with males having comparatively more infections (52.3%) than females (37.8%). However, there was a strong negative correlation between helminth infection and sex ϒ = - 0.50. A weak negative correlation was also found between age and prevalence of intestinal helminths ϒ = - 0.15. Bush defaecation showed the highest infections of Ascaris infection than water closet and pit latrine. However, there was no significant association between prevalence and toilet facilities (P>0.05). The study demonstrates a significant burden of intestinal helminth infections in this part of Nigeria and highlights the need for intervention measures.

Published by: Bukar Usman, Babagana Zannah Audu

Author: Bukar Usman

Paper ID: V8I3-1368

Paper Status: published

Published: July 4, 2022

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Research Paper

Detection of weeds in agricultural crops using deep neural networks

Weeds create a dangerous situation for growing crops in the agricultural field. They directly affect the growth of the crops and hinder the yield by reducing the quality and quantity of crops. In order to find solutions for the problems created by weeds, so much research has been carried out in the different domains so that crop yield can be increased and the pollution of the soil and environment can be reduced which is caused by the excess use of fertilizers on the agricultural field to remove the weeds. Deep Neural Network algorithms have been used in the proposed system to classify the weeds and crops using different algorithms and discover the optimal solution. By considering the results obtained from the algorithms of the Deep Neural Network, The comparison has been made by considering the parameter like accuracy, and finally by applying which algorithm the highest accuracy has been obtained is noted.

Published by: Radhika Venkateshrao Kulkarni

Author: Radhika Venkateshrao Kulkarni

Paper ID: V8I3-1454

Paper Status: published

Published: July 2, 2022

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Research Paper

Smart building for smart cities

A smart city is formed for the well-being of the citizen by providing them with technology-based solutions to make their daily activities easy, fast, and optimized. In known smart city models, major city utilities are connected to the main control unit of the regulator authorities (governments) which collects data from various sources to take necessary actions when a problem arises, enabling the city to run smoothly. The "Smart building" concept is based on embedded systems and IoT (Internet of Things) Technology. The presented model includes different features using which we can automate various tasks in our workplaces.

Published by: Akash Kumar Gupta, T. Ravi Teja, V. Mohan Reddy, Y. Jagan, P. Sai Kameswara Rao

Author: Akash Kumar Gupta

Paper ID: V8I3-1430

Paper Status: published

Published: July 2, 2022

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Research Paper

Comparative Study of CSR Spending by Selected Companies in India-A Post mandatory CSR scenario

The present study aims at comparing the CSR expenditure and coverage of activities by the top 10 CSR spending companies in India as reported by the National CSR portal of India. In India, CSR is governed by clause 135 of the new Companies Act 2013. Many directives regarding CSR spending have been laid down in the new clause. It is found that though public sector organizations have performed well private sector has performed better as far as the amount spent on CSR is considered. Other than Covid's response, Education and Health have been the top priority focus area for the top 10 CSR spending companies in India.

Published by: Mohite Aarti Arvind, Dr. Ketan R. Upadhyay

Author: Mohite Aarti Arvind

Paper ID: V8I3-1446

Paper Status: published

Published: July 2, 2022

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