Analyzing the Performance of BER and SER in an Equilized OFDM System over AWGN by Using 16, 64, 128, 256 QAM Modulation
For wireless communications system, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely applied technique. This system also enables simple filtration or equalization by cyclic prefix insertion. The sensitivity of single-carrier systems to carrier frequency offset (CFO) is much lesser than that of OFDM systems. In present OFDM standards, such as IEEE802.11a/g or DVB-T, preamble (or pilots) is used to estimate and compensate the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel impulse response. There is a considerable problem i.e. the residual carrier frequency offset still destroys the orthogonality of the received OFDM signals after the CFO estimation and compensation. This situation further worsens the bit error rate of OFDM systems during the equalization process. In this research work, an equalized OFDM system over AWGN noise by using 16, 64, 128 and 256 QAM is designed. The designed system is modified by using QAM mapping at transmitter and receiver ends. Also, normalization of transmission bits and de-normalization of received bits is done for decreasing BER and SER. Performance analysis of designed OFDM architecture with ZF equalization is performed by using four efficient modulation indexes (16, 64, 128 and 256) with M-QAM modulation. Whole analysis is implemented over OFDM model with AWGN noise. Here the OFDM architecture is used to reduce noise (can be inter-symbol interference) which is the most important loss or attenuation in optical signals, thus mapping and equalization (filtering) is performed. After implementation of proposed method, we have evaluated the performance of the same by using Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Bit Error Rate (BER). These parameters are calculated and plotted with respect to input SNR. MATLAB R2013a has been used as an implementation platform using generalized MATLAB toolbox and wireless communication tool box.
Published by: Vandana Chhoker, Hitesh Taluja
Author: Vandana Chhoker
Paper ID: V3I3-1347
Paper Status: published
Published: May 22, 2017
A Review on Recognition of Indian Handwritten Numerals
This paper presents a detailed review of various handwritten numeral recognition of various Indian languages. Character recognition is a field of pattern recognition which is in active research for the past few decades for its vast fields of application and still remains a challenging topic for research. Handwritting recognition is one the applications of Character Recognition. Various hand writing recognition for Indian languages has been under research in the past few years. The major challenges with handwritten character recognition is that the non-uniformity in the writing style of character, different styles of writing the same character, smoothness of the curves of the character and similarity between two characters. Several techniques have been developed to recognize Indian Numerals and have varying recognition rate. Some of the techniques are discussed below.
Published by: Geetika Mathur, Suneetha Rikhari
Author: Geetika Mathur
Paper ID: V3I3-1348
Paper Status: published
Published: May 22, 2017
A Study on Working Capital Management in Apgenco Ltd., Muddanoor, Kadapa(D)
Working capital management plays a significant role in better performance of business entities. This study analyzes the influence of working capital management on RTPP Ltd. The manufacturing firms are in general facing problems with their collection and payment policies. Moreover, the financial leverage, ratio of current asset to current liability and firm size also have significant effect on the firm’s profitability. The effective policies must be formulated for the individual components of working capital. Furthermore, efficient management and financing of working capital (current assets and current liabilities) can increase the operating profitability of manufacturing firms. For efficient working capital management, specialized persons in the fields of finance should be hired by the firms for expert advice on working capital management in the production sector.
Published by: B. Sathesh Naik
Author: B. Sathesh Naik
Paper ID: V3I3-1291
Paper Status: published
Published: May 22, 2017
A Hop To Hop Energy Efficient Transmission for WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network)
It is a familiar fact that conservation and preservation of network energy is one of the primary objectives of the sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. This becomes even more important when we are talking about Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). In this case, the sensor nodes are working either very close to or inside a human body. Hence performance is a very important task here. In this project we aim to reduce the consumption of energy while a transmission is made. We tend to strategically toggle between working/non-working status of a sensor node while it is being involved or not involved in the transmission process. This was, we are able to increase the network time by a very good amount. Other deceptive parameters are also to be calculated. With the advancement in technology, we now have access to wearable physiological monitoring system. In this concept, an individual will wear a fabric in which a collection of sensors will be embedded. All these sensors will be connected to a central monitoring system. Sensors will continuously send data to these central monitoring systems. Hence, wireless sensors are now being used as wearable gadgets. But the limitation here is that they have very limited amount of energy. And when it comes in medical terms, every fault in an instrument can be a factor in determining the cause of a healthy life or an unnoticed illness. Hence, it becomes very important to work on these sensors and give them a long lifetime so that their monitoring does not get affected. There are many ways we can achieve this. Good amount of research has been done in this domain. We here are working on an algorithm in which a sensor node will be strategically switched on and off based upon its usage. This way, only the appropriate amount of energy will be used by the sensor and overall energy of the complete system or network will be preserved on a larger extent.
Published by: Er. Pinki Rani, Er. Rajnish Kansal
Author: Er. Pinki Rani
Paper ID: V3I3-1361
Paper Status: published
Published: May 19, 2017
Calories and Nutrition Measurement from the Image of Food
Obesity is the major cause of overweight this leads to the type II diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.Measuring the food is very important for a successful healthy diet. Measuring calorie and nutrition in daily food is one of the challenge methods. Smartphone plays a vital role in today’s technological world using this technique will enhance the issue in intake of dietary consumption.In this project, a food image recognition system for measuring the calorie and nutrition values was developed. After taking the food image the color, shape, size and texture features are extracted and it is given to the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for recognizing the food and then the calorie value is measured with the help of nutrition table.
Published by: CH. Kavya, R. Priyadarsini, B. Madhavi
Author: CH. Kavya
Paper ID: V3I3-1205
Paper Status: published
Published: May 19, 2017
Statistical Analysis of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete
The capability of durable structure to resist weathering action and other degradation processes during its service life with the minimal maintenance is equally important as the capacity of a structure to resist the loads applied on it. Although concrete offers many advantages regarding mechanical characteristics, the brittle behaviour of the material remains a larger handicap for the seismic and other applications where flexible behaviour is essentially required. Reinforcement with randomly distributed short fibers presents an effective approach to the stabilization of the crack and improving the ductility and tensile strength of concrete. PolyPropylene(PP) fiber reinforcement is considered to be an effective method for improving the shrinkage cracking characteristics, toughness, and impact resistance of concrete materials. In the present study, we are carrying out the statistical analysis of PolyPropylene fiber reinforced concrete by comparing various properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, workability properties with various content of fiber (0%,0.5%,1% and 1.5%).
Published by: Ch. Saketh, J. Manikanta Patel, M. Rajesh, G Sadanand, M. Manoj
Author: Ch. Saketh
Paper ID: V3I3-1146
Paper Status: published
Published: May 19, 2017
