Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using Federated Learning
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide, primarily affecting individuals with prolonged diabetes. Early detection is crucial to prevent irreversible blindness. This project proposes a secure and intelligent framework for the early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Federated Learning (FL), ensuring both data privacy and efficient model training across multiple healthcare institutions. The system utilizes Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images for accurate retinal analysis and employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) such as ResNet-50 and VGG-16 for disease classification. To enhance data security, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is integrated, allowing only authorized medical professionals to access sensitive information. Unlike traditional centralized AI models, the proposed system prevents raw data sharing, thus maintaining patient confidentiality while improving diagnostic performance. Future enhancements, including Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Explainable AI (XAI), will further strengthen data protection and interpretability of results. Overall, this system contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3): Good Health and Well-being, by promoting accessible, secure, and intelligent healthcare solutions for early eye disease diagnosis.
Published by: Dharish Prasath D, Kalai arasi. M, Faziya. A, Jai Ganesh. S, Kavitha. I
Author: Dharish Prasath D
Paper ID: V11I6-1161
Paper Status: published
Published: November 14, 2025
The Biochemical Basis of Schizophrenia: The Dopamine Hypothesis and Beyond
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder marked by a wide spectrum of symptoms, yet its biochemical basis remains unclear. While the classical dopamine hypothesis links excess dopaminergic activity to hallucinations and delusions, recent research implicates glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems, along with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. This paper argues that schizophrenia results from interactions among multiple neurotransmitter and receptor systems. By reviewing neuroimaging, pharmacological, and clinical trial evidence, it demonstrates that understanding receptor-specific contributions is crucial for developing targeted therapies addressing both cognitive deficits and affective symptoms.
Published by: Bhumika Teckchandany
Author: Bhumika Teckchandany
Paper ID: V11I6-1149
Paper Status: published
Published: November 14, 2025
Hospital Appointment and Patient Management System
The CareSync Hospital and Patient Management System is a web-based platform designed to streamline hospital operations and improve patient care efficiency. The system provides separate login access for patients, doctors, nursing staff, administrative staff, and transport teams. Each user role has distinct functionalities tailored to their responsibilities. Patients can register, book appointments, view doctor schedules, access their medical history, and receive billing details online. Doctors can manage patient records, update diagnosis reports, and track appointments. The administrative staff can oversee hospital operations such as room and bed availability, billing, and staff scheduling. Nursing staff can track patient vitals, medication schedules, and treatment updates, while the transport team manages ambulance and in-hospital patient transfers efficiently. CareSync enhances hospital management by integrating modules like Appointment Scheduling, Room and Bed Booking, Billing Management, and Transport Coordination, all in a secure and user-friendly interface. The system minimizes manual paperwork, reduces human error, and ensures better coordination between departments. Ultimately, CareSync improves healthcare service delivery and patient satisfaction through automation, accessibility, and data centralization.
Published by: Deepika, Poorvi S Jadimath, Sneha C Yaligar, Preeti S Puranik
Author: Deepika
Paper ID: V11I6-1150
Paper Status: published
Published: November 14, 2025
Performance Appraisal- A source of employee motivation in a Small Organisation
In today’s competitive and dynamic business environment, small organisations play a crucial role in economic development and job creation. However, their success largely depends on the motivation and commitment of their employees. Performance appraisal, when implemented effectively, serves as a key human resource tool to recognise employee contributions, provide constructive feedback, and foster motivation. This paper explores how performance appraisal systems influence employee motivation in small organisations. It analyses the relationship between fair evaluation, feedback mechanisms, goal alignment, and intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivation. The study is based on a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews conducted among employees of small enterprises. Findings reveal that transparent and participatory appraisal systems enhance motivation and job satisfaction, while a lack of clarity and bias in evaluation tend to demotivate employees. The paper concludes with recommendations for designing simple yet effective performance appraisal systems tailored to the needs of small organisations.
Published by: Rakshita Bhatt
Author: Rakshita Bhatt
Paper ID: V11I6-1156
Paper Status: published
Published: November 13, 2025
Locating the Role of Naga Women in the Naga Political Process since the Nineties
The 1990s were a significant period in Naga politics. The period witnessed the intensification of inter-factional violence between warring Naga insurgent groups. The signing of the ceasefire agreement between the Indian government and the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) in 1997, and the subsequent peace talks that followed decades of violence, opened democratic space for Naga civil society to actively engage in the political process. Within this new dispensation, Naga women’s entry into the public sphere as ‘mothers’, rooted in private values and attributes such as nurturing, caring, and pacificatio, assumes significance. Naga women, traditionally confined to the private sphere, carved out a space for themselves in the public sphere by mobilizing for peace through a motherhood strategy. Based on primary and secondary sources, the paper examines the unique role that Naga women play in the public sphere, within the constraints of a traditional patriarchal ethos and Naga tribal customary practices that define gendered roles and perceptions for women. The paper concludes that the peace activism of Naga women in the public sphere has, in a way, empowered their political agency to assert for gender justice and greater participation and representation in formal politics. The 1990s were a significant period in Naga politics. The period witnessed the intensification of inter-factional violence between warring Naga insurgent groups. The signing of the ceasefire agreement between the Indian government and the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) in 1997, and the subsequent peace talks that followed decades of violence, opened democratic space for Naga civil society to actively engage in the political process. Within this new dispensation, Naga women’s entry into the public sphere as ‘mothers’, rooted in private values and attributes such as nurturing, caring, and pacification, assumes significance. Naga women, traditionally confined to the private sphere, carved out a space for themselves in the public sphere by mobilizing for peace through a motherhood strategy. Based on primary and secondary sources, the paper examines the unique role that Naga women play in the public sphere, within the constraints of a traditional patriarchal ethos and Naga tribal customary practices that define gendered roles and perceptions for women.
Published by: Narotila Imchen
Author: Narotila Imchen
Paper ID: V11I6-1140
Paper Status: published
Published: November 12, 2025
A Comprehensive Analysis of Why Startups Fail
Young enterprises significantly contribute to fostering creativity and boosting national prosperity; however, many of them encounter substantial setbacks during their early stages. The study examines the major factors contributing to business failures by integrating scholarly works and analyzing real-world examples. Research suggests that an unmet marketplace need, coupled with insufficiently compelling offerings, continues to be the primary reason for failure in business ventures. Lack of financial resources, such as insufficient funds and poor management of cash flows, intensifies volatility. Business strategies lacking in scalability or profit potential frequently result from inadequate strategic foresight, leading to premature failure at the inception stages. Moreover, poor teamwork, disagreements among leaders, and a lack of flexible abilities impede productivity and strategic thinking. Exogenous factors like compliance hurdles, innovation shifts, and global economic fluctuations exacerbate inherent organizational flaws. This research incorporates findings from reports like the Startup Genome Report and analysis by CB Insights to classify failures based on both intrinsic factors related to strategy, finances, management, and extrinsic elements affecting market conditions and environments. The document underscores that achieving successful startups requires skill in strategy, precise market fit validation, robust management skills, and continuous improvement through repetition. This research provides an analytical model of how startups fail, helping business owners, financiers, and government officials manage risks effectively and make well-informed choices.
Published by: Gowardhan Veerdhawal Dafale, Omkar Shirish Kshirsagar, Vaishnavi Baban Ugale, Sanika Sunil Sankpal, Kunjan Atul Bhate, Mohit Satish Saindane
Author: Gowardhan Veerdhawal Dafale
Paper ID: V11I5-1312
Paper Status: published
Published: November 11, 2025
