Volume-12, Issue-2

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Volume-12, Issue-2

March-April, 2026

Research Paper

1. Using Tessellation Art to Understand the Properties of Quadrilateral Theorems in Class 9

This study, conducted by Ms. Dipika Thakur and Ms. Shahina Shaikh at Adani Vidya Mandir Ahmedabad, integrates tessellation art into Class 9 quadrilateral theorem teaching to enhance conceptual understanding beyond rote-learning limitations. Employing a five-phase design—traditional teaching, pre-assessment, art-integrated teaching (tessellation art and load-bearing paper folding), post-assessment, and comparative analysis—the research evaluates art-based methods' impact on engagement and comprehension. Pre-tests revealed significant gaps in students' grasp of quadrilateral properties. The art-integrated phase used hands-on tessellation activities to visualise abstract concepts tangibly, boosting participation and enthusiasm. Post-tests, mirroring pre-test formats, showed marked improvements—e.g., students scoring 0.5-1 initially reached 9.5-10. Graphical comparisons and qualitative feedback from teachers/students highlighted trends in better understanding, accessibility, and enjoyment. In conclusion, tessellation art fosters deeper engagement and conceptual mastery, offering a transformative alternative to traditional geometry instruction with broader STEM education implications.

Published by: Dipika Thakur, Shahina ShaikhResearch Area: Mathematics Education (Art-Integrated / Experiential Pedagogy In Geometry)

Organisation: Adani Vidya Mandir, AhmedabadKeywords: Tessellation Art, Quadrilaterals, Parallelogram Properties, Art-Integrated Learning, Conceptual Understanding

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Research Paper

2. Comparative Compressive Strength of Concrete Masonry Blocks with Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash and GGBS

The present study investigates the compressive strength performance of concrete masonry blocks produced with partial replacement of cement using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The motivation behind the research is twofold: the need to reduce cement consumption in construction and the necessity of utilizing industrial by-products in a sustainable manner. The work examines four replacement levels, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, of cement by fly ash and GGBS. Concrete blocks were cast under controlled laboratory conditions, cured for 7, 14, and 28 days, and subjected to compressive strength testing. The experimental results demonstrated that replacement levels up to 20% generally maintain compressive strength comparable to conventional concrete blocks, while 30% replacement leads to a slight reduction in strength but improves long-term durability and environmental benefits. The study concludes that partial replacement of cement with fly ash and GGBS is a feasible strategy for sustainable block manufacturing without compromising essential strength requirements.

Published by: Harsh Rahate, Kajal Sangle, Pritee Gite, Madhul Jagtap, Sanskruti DharmaleResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society's Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai, MaharashtraKeywords: Concrete Blocks, Fly Ash, GGBS, Compressive Strength, Sustainable Masonry, Partial Replacement.

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Research Paper

3. Flexible Concrete Blankets for Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Concrete blankets, also referred to as Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCMs), are an innovative class of construction materials used for rapid slope protection, erosion control, and infrastructure lining. They consist of a dry concrete mix encapsulated between layers of geotextiles and fiber meshes that harden upon hydration. Unlike conventional rigid concrete systems, concrete blankets are flexible before setting and conform easily to irregular surfaces. This paper presents a comprehensive technical review of concrete blankets with emphasis on their composition, manufacturing concept, mechanical properties, durability, and field applications. It also discusses installation methodology, testing procedures, and performance evaluation based on experimental and field studies. Results reported in literature indicate compressive strengths of 30–45 MPa, high erosion resistance, and long-term durability under harsh environmental conditions. The study concludes that concrete blankets provide a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective alternative for slope stabilization, especially in remote and difficult terrains.

Published by: Krishna Yadav, Sunny Gupta, Vinit Waghmare, Niraj Patil, Sagar MungaseResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society's Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai, MaharashtraKeywords: Concrete Blanket, GCCM, Slope Stabilization, Erosion Control, Geosynthetics, Sustainable Construction.

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Research Paper

4. Ferrocement Detachable Toilet Unit

The lack of hygienic sanitation facilities remains a major concern in rural, urban slum, and temporary settlement areas. Conventional toilet structures constructed using brick masonry or reinforced cement concrete are expensive, time- consuming, and not suitable for relocation. This paper presents the design and development of a ferrocement detachable toilet unit as a low-cost, durable, and portable sanitation solution. Ferrocement panels reinforced with wire mesh are used to achieve high strength with reduced thickness and weight. The detachable design allows easy transportation, assembly, dismantling, and reuse of the unit. The paper discusses materials used, construction methodology, advantages, limitations, cost estimation, and potential applications. The proposed system supports sustainable sanitation practices and is suitable for rural development and emergency applications.

Published by: Hriday S. Sawant, Rugved M. Purkar, Vedant J. Vishe, Piyush M. Shinde, Sagar MungaseResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: VES Polytechnic, Mumbai, MaharashtraKeywords: Ferrocement, Sanitation, Portable Toilets, Detachable Units, Sustainable Sanitation, Prefabrication.

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Research Paper

5. Use of Bamboo as Reinforcement Material

Access to hygienic sanitation facilities remains a major challenge in developing nations, particularly in rural areas, slums, and temporary settlements. Conventional toilets require permanent construction, high costs, and long installation time, making them unsuitable for rapid deployment. This paper presents the design and development of a ferrocement detachable toilet unit as a cost-effective, durable, and portable sanitation solution. The unit is fabricated using thin ferrocement panels reinforced with wire mesh, which are lightweight yet strong. The system is designed for easy assembly, disassembly, and relocation, making it highly suitable for construction sites, disaster relief camps, and rural sanitation programs. The study highlights the design methodology, material selection, structural performance, cost-effectiveness, and future applications of this innovation.

Published by: Yogesh Balasaheb Kamble, Prathamesh Kamble, Gaurav Ahire, Bhushan Ghodeswar, Suraj SurveResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society Polytechnic, Mumbai, MaharashtraKeywords: Ferrocement, Sanitation, Portable Toilets, Detachable Units

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Research Paper

6. Groundwater Recharge through Permeable Pavement

Rapid urbanization has led to increased impervious surfaces such as conventional concrete and asphalt pavements, which prevent natural infiltration of rainwater into the ground. This results in groundwater depletion, surface runoff, and urban flooding. Permeable pavement is an innovative and sustainable solution that allows rainwater to pass through its surface and infiltrate into the underlying soil layers, thereby recharging groundwater. This paper studies the concept, working mechanism, components, and benefits of groundwater recharge through permeable pavements. The study highlights how permeable pavements can reduce runoff, improve water quality, and support sustainable urban water management. A simple model is also proposed to demonstrate the working of permeable pavement systems. This paper presents a detailed study on the concept, components, and working mechanism of groundwater recharge through permeable pavements. The benefits of this system, including runoff reduction, water quality improvement, and sustainable urban water management, are discussed. Additionally, a simple physical model is proposed to demonstrate the functioning of permeable pavement systems for educational and practical understanding.

Published by: Karan R Varadkar, Mayuresh Sawant, Advait Naik, Saksham Patil, Sagar MungaseResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: V.E.S. Polytechnic, Mumbai, MaharashtraKeywords: Permeable Pavement, Groundwater Recharge, Infiltration, Stormwater Management, Sustainable Infrastructure

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Research Paper

7. Factors Influencing Depression in Teenagers

This research paper explores depression among high school students and its impact on their mental well-being and academic experiences. It examines how adolescent depression is influenced by multiple interconnected factors, including family environment, school pressure, peer relationships, psychological characteristics, biological vulnerability, and cultural and societal influences. The paper highlights the importance of understanding depression within school settings and emphasizes the need for supportive environments, early awareness, and combined efforts from schools, families, and communities to promote adolescent mental health.

Published by: Monisha DangetiResearch Area: Psychology

Organisation: Amity Global School, NoidaKeywords: Family Environment, Peer Relationships, Societal Influences, Adolescent Mental Health, Early Awareness.

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Research Paper

8. Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Modern Businesses

Artificial intelligence is rapidly growing across the world and becoming an irreplaceable asset to modern businesses and decision-making processes. This research paper examines and showcases the role of AI adoption in business. It shows how AI can help businesses grow by improving customer personalization, decision-making accuracy, efficiency, and analysis of large amounts of data. The paper delves into how artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in shaping the future of businesses by providing better ideas and innovation, while also looking at the privacy and ethical concerns and challenges faced in AI integration in businesses.

Published by: Ayushh RaoResearch Area: Artificial Intelligence

Organisation: Pathways World School, GurgaonKeywords: AI Adoption in Business, Artificial Intelligence, Decision Making, Personalization, Privacy Concerns, Challenges

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Research Paper

9. Financial Literacy of Rural Women in India

Financial literacy is a key aspect in the life of an individual. Today both men and women work at an equal level, but women in the rural areas of India are not given a lot of freedom in this field. For women in India, financial literacy is still falling behind. People tend to learn about financial management through experiences of their own and others. The role of females in every rural family should not be neglected. This paper studies the level of financial literacy across various rural districts in India, understanding the engagement of women in financial services, identifying the key challenges faced by them, and offering suggestions to improve the financial literacy of women and discussing policies introduced that help them.

Published by: Saachi KanekarResearch Area: Economics

Organisation: Reliance Foundation School, MaharashtraKeywords: Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, Women's Financial Empowerment, Economic Independence, Government Policies.

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Research Paper

10. The correlation between salary and the performance of the NBA players

The salary of an NBA athlete depends on many factors like their performance, etc. And on the basis of that they are offered a contract. In this research paper I have examined all these factors, and on the basis of that I have created a calculator that predicts the salary of an NBA athlete when their performance data is entered. Next in the paper I have discussed what is the superstar effect and how it affects the salary of the players. I have also compared the statistics of different players to show how they contribute to their team on court.

Published by: Jayesh SharmaResearch Area: Labour Economics

Organisation: St Xavier's High School, HaryanaKeywords: National Basketball Association, Superstar Effect, Win Shares, Player Efficiency Rating, Effective Field Goals

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Research Paper

11. SentinelStore: A Zero-Knowledge, Fault-Tolerant Decentralized Storage Architecture Utilizing Shamir’s Secret Sharing and Kademlia DHT

As the digital ecosystem becomes increasingly reliant on centralized cloud infrastructure, the vulnerabilities associated with single points of failure, data sovereignty, and privacy intrusion have become critical bottlenecks. This paper introduces SentinelStore, a novel decentralized storage protocol designed to shift the trust boundary entirely to the client edge. Unlike traditional distributed systems that rely on full-file replication, SentinelStore implements a Zero-Knowledge Architecture by performing all cryptographic operations—key generation, authenticated encryption, and Shamir’s Secret Sharing (SSS)—directly within the user’s browser. This ensures that the storage network remains mathematically oblivious to the data it holds. We propose a hybrid storage model that utilizes a Kademlia-based Distributed Hash Table (DHT) for resilient shard distribution and a metadata coordinator for access control, without compromising the zero-trust principle. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative Dynamic Re-sharding Orchestration mechanism, allowing administrators to mathematically alter the fault-tolerance parameters of stored data without decrypting it or requiring client intervention. Experimental results demonstrate that this architecture achieves information-theoretic security and high availability with significantly lower storage overhead compared to traditional replication strategies.

Published by: Saketh Narkidimilli, Prudhvi Saranya Tatini, Sathvika Kollepara, Sandeep Peruri, Murala Sasidhar, Subhas Chette, Kiranmai MerumResearch Area: Cybersecurity

Organisation: Sri Vasavi Engineering College, Andhra PradeshKeywords: Zero-Knowledge Architecture, Shamir’s Secret Sharing (SSS), Kademlia Distributed Hash Table (DHT), Client-Side Cryptography, Dynamic Re-sharding, Data Sovereignty, Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems.

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Research Paper

12. Performance and Musical System in Prahllad Nataka Tradition

Prahllad Nataka is a devotional musico-dramatic tradition of southern Odisha that integrates ritual invocation, narrative dramaturgy, classical music, and folk performance practices into a unified theatrical structure. This paper examines the performance grammar, character system, spatial organization, musical architecture, and aesthetic principles that define the form. Beginning with the ritual Mangalacharana/Nandigana and guided by the Sutradhara, the performance unfolds through a carefully structured dramatic progression centered on the conflict between Hiranyakashipu and Prahllad, culminating in the climactic manifestation of Narasimha. The study analyzes the interplay between major and minor characters, the incorporation of comic and didactic interludes, and the integration of tribal and folk performance elements within a predominantly rāga-based musical framework. The repertoire employs thirty-four rāgas and six tālas, reflecting a confluence of Carnatic and Hindustani classical traditions within a regional devotional theatre context. The spatial configuration—featuring a tiered wooden stage and symbolic pillar—reinforces the ritual symbolism central to the narrative. Costume and make-up practices exhibit strong affinities with South Indian classical theatre traditions such as Kathakali and Therukoothu, while maintaining localized Odishan elements. The sacred Narasimha mask functions simultaneously as theatrical property and ritual icon. Despite reductions in performance duration due to modern socio-cultural shifts, Prahllad Nataka continues to preserve its devotional intensity and aesthetic integrity, representing a living synthesis of classical dramaturgical principles and community-based ritual theatre.

Published by: Dr. Ajit Kumar MuniResearch Area: Arts

Organisation: Aska Science College, OdishaKeywords: Musico-Dramatic Tradition, Narasimha Mask, Devotional Theatre Tradition, Nandigana, Mangalacharan, Sutradhara, Rasa

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Survey Report

13. A Comprehensive Survey on Automated Concept Extraction and Prerequisite Dependency Detection in Educational Texts

Automated extraction of concepts and detection of dependencies are important for analyzing educational texts and supporting applications like curriculum development, learning path suggestions, and intelligent tutoring systems. The aim of these tasks is to automatically extract key domain concepts from educational materials and find dependencies or prerequisites between them. Several approaches are put forward in recent studies, such as weakly supervised methods based on semantic embeddings and clustering, distant supervision techniques that make use of domain-specific glossaries, and supervised transformer-based models. Supervised models frequently exhibit high accuracy, but they rely significantly on large, manually labeled datasets. On the other hand, weakly and distantly supervised approaches drastically lower annotation costs, but they also face issues with seed quality, dictionary coverage, and cross-domain applicability. In order to guide future work in automated educational concept analysis, this study offers a thorough overview of current methods, frequently used datasets, assessment metrics, and recognized limits. It also addresses important issues and unresolved research gaps.

Published by: Aditi Patil, Riya Hankare, Shreya Araganji, Nidhi Chaudhari, Siddharth K. GaikwadResearch Area: Computer Engineering

Organisation: COEP Technological University, MaharashtraKeywords: Concept Extraction, Prerequisite Learning, Educational Data Mining, Knowledge Graphs, Natural Language Processing, Large Language Models.

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Research Paper

14. Oily Wastewater Treatment using Adsorption Method

The rapid growth of industrialization has led to the generation of large quantities of oily wastewater containing free oil, dispersed oil, emulsified oil, and dissolved hydrocarbons. Major sources include petroleum refineries, automobile service stations, metal finishing industries, and food processing units. If discharged without adequate treatment, oily wastewater causes severe environmental pollution by forming surface films on water bodies, reducing oxygen transfer, and adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems. Conventional treatment methods such as gravity separation, chemical coagulation, flotation, and membrane filtration often exhibit limitations including high capital and operating costs, excessive sludge generation, and reduced efficiency in treating stable oil–water emulsions. This project presents a comprehensive study on the adsorption method as an effective and sustainable approach for oily wastewater treatment. The performance of commonly used adsorbents, including activated carbon and low-cost bio-adsorbents such as rice husk ash and sawdust, is reviewed and analyzed. The influence of critical operating parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial oil concentration on adsorption efficiency is discussed. Reported experimental investigations demonstrate that adsorption can achieve oil and grease removal efficiencies ranging from 85% to 95% under optimized conditions. The findings highlight that adsorption is a technically feasible, economical, and environmentally friendly tertiary treatment method, making it suitable for integration into industrial wastewater treatment systems.

Published by: Khushi Ghadigaonkar, Karuna Gaikwad, Ranjana Waghmare, Jay Pujari, Sanskruti DharmaleResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society's Polytechnic College, MaharashtraKeywords: Oily Wastewater Treatment, Adsorption Process, Oil and Grease Removal, Activated Carbon, Bio-Adsorbents, Rice Husk Ash, Sawdust, Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column, Industrial Wastewater Treatment, and Environmental Pollution Control.

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Research Paper

15. Triple Deck Express Way

Triple-deck expressways are a modern transportation concept developed to manage heavy traffic congestion in highly populated urban areas where expanding roads horizontally is difficult. This system includes three vertically arranged levels of transport corridors within the same route. These levels may accommodate high-speed vehicle lanes, metro or railway lines, and local service roads. By utilising vertical space efficiently, triple-deck expressways increase road capacity, decrease travel time, and make better use of limited land. They are typically built using reinforced or prestressed concrete along with steel composite structures, supported by advanced foundation and seismic-resistant designs. Although the initial construction cost is high, such expressways provide a sustainable and long-term solution for improving urban transportation systems.

Published by: Darshan Badar, Deepak Salve, Jaysen Sahu, Omkar Mural, Suraj surveResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society's Polytechnic College, MaharashtraKeywords: Triple Deck Expressways, Urban Transportation, Vertical Road Infrastructure, Multi-Level Transportation System Infrastructure, Sustainable Transport, Land-Use Efficiency.

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Research Paper

16. Strategies to Increase the Adoption of Fintech among Retail Consumers Globally

This paper studies how the use of financial technology (fintech) can be increased among retail consumers across the world. It focuses on the role of financial literacy, differences in adoption between rural and urban areas, key reasons why people use fintech, and how these patterns vary across countries. Using survey data and global case studies, the paper finds that people with better financial and digital knowledge are more likely to use fintech services and continue using them over time. Financial literacy also helps build trust and confidence in digital financial products. The paper shows clear differences between rural and urban areas. Urban consumers adopt fintech faster due to better internet access, higher income levels, and greater exposure to digital services. In contrast, rural consumers often face challenges such as poor infrastructure, low digital skills, and a lack of trust. However, adoption in rural areas increases when fintech services are designed to meet local needs, such as using agent-based models, simple interfaces, and low-cost products. Global comparisons highlight that fintech adoption differs widely across countries depending on regulations, smartphone usage, and the strength of traditional banking systems. Based on these findings, the paper suggests strategies to increase adoption, including improving financial literacy, strengthening digital infrastructure, building consumer trust, and creating supportive regulations. Overall, the study provides practical recommendations for policymakers and fintech firms to promote wider and more inclusive use of fintech services.

Published by: Vihaan PandeyResearch Area: Economics

Organisation: The Shri Ram School Aravali, HaryanaKeywords: Fintech, Retail Consumers, Adoption, Digital Payments, UPI.

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Research Paper

17. Tradition and Transformation: Contemporary Challenges of Prahllad Nataka

Prahllad Nataka is a prominent devotional theatre tradition of southern Odisha, particularly concentrated in the undivided Ganjam district and adjoining regions of Andhra Pradesh. While its literary evolution reflects royal patronage and regional adaptation, the continuity and institutional consolidation of the form have been primarily sustained through the guru–shishya parampara (teacher–disciple tradition). This study examines how decentralized pedagogical networks of Gurus transformed Prahllad Nataka from a localized devotional performance into a structured regional theatre tradition. Drawing upon historical accounts, oral narratives, and field-based documentation of Guru lineages, the paper analyzes the processes of revival, reform, and standardization initiated during the early twentieth century. Particular attention is given to the role of reformers who systematized rāga–tāla patterns, regulated performance duration, refined costume codes, and preserved ritual discipline. The Guru in Prahllad Nataka functions not merely as an instructor but as director, composer, ritual custodian, and community leader, thereby embodying a multidimensional cultural authority. The study argues that the survival of Prahllad Nataka in the face of modernization, economic precarity, and institutional neglect is largely attributable to its embedded guru-centric transmission model. By foregrounding lineage as a living institution, the article highlights the significance of ritual pedagogy and community-based knowledge systems in sustaining traditional theatre forms in contemporary South Asia.

Published by: Dr. Ajit Kumar MuniResearch Area: Arts

Organisation: Aska Science College, OdishaKeywords: Devotional Theatre Tradition, Guru–Shishya Parampara, Rga, Tala, Narasimha Mask, Court Centered Theatrical System.

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Research Paper

18. Effect of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete

High-strength concrete (HSC) is increasingly used in modern infrastructure due to its superior mechanical performance and durability. However, low water–binder ratios often reduce workability and affect durability. This study examines the influence of partial replacement of cement with silica fume and fly ash on the strength development and durability characteristics of high-strength concrete. M60 grade concrete was produced using Ordinary Portland Cement, with silica fume and fly ash added in equal proportions as supplementary cementitious materials. Cement replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were considered. Fresh concrete properties were evaluated using slump and compaction factor tests, while hardened concrete performance was assessed through compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, sorptivity, and acid resistance tests. Results indicate that workability decreases with increasing replacement levels due to the high fineness of silica fume and fly ash. Mechanical strength properties improved significantly up to an optimum replacement level of 10%, beyond which strength reduced due to cement dilution. Durability tests showed a slight increase in water absorption and sorptivity at higher replacement levels, while acid resistance improved marginally at lower replacement levels. Overall, a combined replacement level of 10% silica fume and fly ash provides the best balance between strength enhancement and durability performance in high-strength concrete.

Published by: Priya Jha, Tarun Kumar Rajak, Alok Kumar JainResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management and Technology, ChhattisgarhKeywords: Concrete, Silica Fume, Fly Ash, Strength, Mix Ratio, Fineness Modulus, Durability.

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Research Paper

19. Global Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comparative Analysis using India as a Benchmark

The rapid expansion of the global cryptocurrency market has created deep inconsistencies in national regulatory responses of sovereign countries and has raised questions regarding policies, innovation, and state motives. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of global cryptocurrency regulation using India as a benchmark to explore how economies of the world create a balance between decentralization and regulation. Drawing from the economic contexts, regulatory frameworks, judicial interventions, and policies of nations across Asia, the Americas, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania; the study inspects and identifies a variety of regulatory models, ranging from prohibitionist and control-centric regimes to liberal regimes that embrace innovation.

Published by: Arav SahniResearch Area: Economics & Finance

Organisation: Heritage Xperiential Learning School, HaryanaKeywords: Global Cryptocurrency Regulation, Crypto-Assets Regulatory frameworks, International Crypto Policy, Comparative Cryptocurrency Regulation, Cryptocurrency Governance.

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Review Paper

20. Evolution and Emerging Trends in Programming Languages: A Survey

Programming languages have experienced significant transformation since the inception of computing, continuously evolving to address the increasing complexity of software systems and the changing demands of modern technology. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the evolution and emerging trends in programming languages, emphasizing key milestones that have shaped their development over time. The study explores the transition from early low-level and assembly languages to high-level procedural languages, followed by the emergence of structured programming and object-oriented paradigms that improved modularity, reusability, and maintainability. Furthermore, the paper examines the rise of modern multi-paradigm programming languages that integrate features from different paradigms to enhance flexibility and developer productivity. Special attention is given to the role of technological advancements in influencing programming language design, including the rapid growth of web technologies, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and data science. These developments have driven the demand for programming languages that are scalable, efficient, and capable of supporting large-scale and distributed systems. In addition, the study highlights how programming languages continue to evolve in response to industry requirements and developer needs, with a strong focus on simplicity, performance, and ecosystem support. By analyzing both historical evolution and current technological trends, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the ongoing transformation of programming languages and their critical role in modern software development.

Published by: Bojken ShehuResearch Area: Programming Languages

Organisation: Polytechnic University of Tirana, AlbaniaKeywords: Programming Languages, Evolution of Programming Languages, Programming Paradigms, Software Development Trends, Modern Computing, Multi-paradigm Languages.

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Research Paper

21. Evolution of Artificial Organs

Artificial organs have been at the frontier of modern excitement in medicine for several reasons: the increasing prevalence of organ failure, limitations to transplantation, and advances in biomedical engineering. In this regard, the following is a concerning overview of artificial organs, including the development materials and technologies, investigations into individual artificial organs, and their wider clinical and technological contexts. Such discussions state that, insofar as artificial organs have many advantages and their limitations and challenges, there is a strong need for these kinds of emerging technologies to meet the enormous healthcare demands that have outpaced supply from donors. The present paper reviews cutting-edge developments and possible futures within the artificial organ research field, particularly focusing on the development of bioartificial and hybrid systems combining synthetic components with living biological systems. This review provides an objective overview of where the field stands regarding the development of artificial organs within regenerative and reparative medicine and, more importantly, where it could head in the next couple of decades.

Published by: Meher GuptaResearch Area: Biomedical Sciences

Organisation: Step by Step School, Noida, Uttar PradeshKeywords: Artificial Organs, Bioartificial, Biomaterials, Organ failure, Regenerative medicine.

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Research Paper

22. The Science behind Prosthetics and Advancements in the Field

With advances in technology and design and the changing user expectations, lower limb prosthetics have experienced significant changes since the initial introduction of these devices. This paper examines how lower limb prosthetics have changed from simple mechanical devices to modern systems. These changes have been made through research, science, and user-centred design approaches. The paper looks at major areas surrounding the development of prosthetics for lower limbs, which include changes and improvements of materials over the years, design modifications to accommodate movement and comfort, and the ever-increasing impact of digital technology on prosthetic development. Issues related to the affordability, accessibility, and sustainability of lower limb prosthetics are also considered in the context of who benefits from modern-day lower limb prosthetics. Placing the design of lower limb prosthetics in the context of both the technical and social aspects helps to create a clear framework to identify the factors that comprise modern-day lower limb prosthetics and also assists in determining how future innovations in prosthetic technology will further enhance a person's ability to be mobile and independent.

Published by: Nyra JainResearch Area: Engineering

Organisation: Tridha, MaharashtraKeywords: Prosthetics, Advancements in Technology, Innovation, Challenges with Access and Cost, Design Modifications.

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Research Paper

23. A Comparative Study of Decentralized Storage Systems: IPFS vs Traditional Cloud Storage

Rapidly expanding amounts of digital data are causing corporations and businesses alike to rely heavily upon cloud storage systems for managing and distributing this increasing amount of data. Traditional cloud storage solutions like Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage offer high levels of availability, scalability, and performance via their centralized systems. However, there are concerns about the lack of privacy for data stored in the cloud, too much reliance on one vendor (vendor lock-in), and having only one point of failure. In the last few years, decentralized systems have been developed to address these concerns, taking advantage of a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture to provide better resiliency and resistance to censorship. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and traditional cloud storage systems. It evaluates how both systems are architected, compares their performance characteristics and compares the costs of using each type of system. The results of an experimental setup measuring upload and download speed for several different file sizes illustrate key trade-offs between centralized versus decentralized storage systems. While cloud storage provides for a higher level of reliability and performance than that provided by IPFS, the authors conclude that IPFS has certain advantages over cloud storage in terms of decentralization and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, hybrid storage models may be the most practical solution for meeting the needs of new modern distributed applications.

Published by: Kyrylo SotnykovResearch Area: Computer Science, Distributed Systems

Organisation: Independent ResearcherKeywords: Decentralized Storage, IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), Cloud Storage, Distributed Systems, Content Addressing.

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Research Paper

24. Are Entrepreneurship Subsidies Effective in Reducing Urban Youth Unemployment?

The effectiveness of entrepreneurial subsidies in lowering youth unemployment in metropolitan areas is investigated in this study. Due to growing urbanization, a rise in young people looking for work, and a lack of formal sector job development, urban youth unemployment is still a significant socio-economic issue in many nations. To encourage young people to launch their own firms and become job creators rather than job seekers, governments have implemented a number of entrepreneurship subsidy programs, such as startup grants, low-interest loans, tax incentives, training programs, and mentorship efforts. The study uses secondary data from academic research, government publications, and policy reviews to examine the connection between young employment outcomes and entrepreneurial subsidies. It also looks at the benefits, drawbacks, and variables affecting these programs' efficacy. The study emphasizes that by promoting self-employment and the establishment of small businesses, entrepreneurship subsidies can contribute to a short-term decrease in unemployment. However, a supportive policy framework, market access, mentorship, and commercial acumen are all necessary for their long-term success. The results imply that although entrepreneurship subsidies can support economic growth and job creation, they are unable to address urban young unemployment on their own. Financial mismanagement, inexperience, and market competitiveness are some of the difficulties faced by many subsidized firms. In order to attain sustainable employment results for urban youth, the study suggests that entrepreneurship subsidies should be combined with more comprehensive employment initiatives like skill development, education reform, and improved labor market policies.

Published by: Aarohi BanerjieResearch Area: Economics & Finance

Organisation: O.P. Jindal Global University, HaryanaKeywords: Entrepreneurship Subsidies, Youth Unemployment, Urban Labor Markets, Youth Entrepreneurship, Self-Employment, Job Creation, Government Support Programs, Economic Development.

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Research Paper

25. Engineering Analysis and Restoration of Go-kart

This study presents the design, analysis, and fabrication of a lightweight go-kart prototype aimed at achieving optimal performance, safety, and cost effectiveness. The project focuses on key engineering aspects such as chassis design, steering geometry, braking system, and power transmission. A systematic approach was adopted to select suitable materials and components, ensuring structural integrity while minimizing weight. The fabrication process involved precision manufacturing and assembly techniques to meet design specifications. Performance evaluation of the go-kart was conducted based on parameters such as speed, stability, maneuverability, and braking efficiency. The results demonstrate that the developed go-kart meets the desired functional requirements and provides a practical understanding of automotive design principles. This project serves as an effective platform for applying theoretical knowledge to real-world mechanical engineering applications.

Published by: Niel Omkar Deshpande, Umar Aslam Aga, Ryan Robert Dolare, Rakshit Ramesh LagadResearch Area: Mechanical Engineering

Organisation: Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology, MaharashtraKeywords: Chassis, AISI, Go-kart, Material Selection, External Components, Body Improvement.

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Research Paper

26. Improvement Stability of Black Cotton Soil by using Marble Dust and Burnt Brick Powder

Black cotton soil is an expansive soil widely found in India, known for its high clay content and significant swelling and shrinkage behavior, making it unsuitable for construction without stabilization. This study focuses on improving its stability and strength using marble dust and burnt brick powder, which are industrial waste materials. Marble dust (rich in calcium carbonate) and burnt brick powder (containing silica and alumina) help form cementitious compounds that enhance soil cohesion, reduce plasticity, and minimize swelling. Laboratory tests such as Atterberg limits, compaction, UCS, and CBR were conducted. Results show significant improvement in strength, density, and load-bearing capacity, providing an economical and eco-friendly solution for construction works.

Published by: Awaiz Masjid Shaikh, Afeef Ismail Kazi, Ritash Kalyani Harkude, Hrishikesh Sandeep Kamble, Sanskruti DharmaleResearch Area: Civil Engineering

Organisation: Vivekanand Education Society's Polytechnic College, MaharashtraKeywords: Black cotton soil, Soil stabilization, Marble dust, Burnt brick powder, California Bearing Ratio (CBR).

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Others

27. Improving the Availability and Functional Status of Medical Equipment through a Clinical Audit Cycle: A Quality Improvement Study at Base Hospital Akkaraipattu, Sri Lanka

Improving the Availability and Functional Status of Medical Equipment through a Clinical Audit Cycle: A Quality Improvement Study at a Secondary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka. Background Medical equipment is essential for effective healthcare delivery; however, in low- and middle-income countries, inadequate maintenance systems and weak governance often result in high rates of non-functional equipment. Clinical audit is a recognised quality improvement approach that can identify system gaps and drive measurable improvements. Objective: To assess and improve the availability and functional status of medical equipment through a structured clinical audit cycle. Methods: A full clinical audit cycle was conducted over six months (October 2025–March 2026) at a secondary care hospital in Sri Lanka. The audit included baseline assessment, gap analysis, implementation of targeted interventions, and re-audit. Data were collected using a structured checklist through direct observation, inventory review, and staff interviews. Key indicators included equipment functionality, preventive maintenance, maintenance documentation, and calibration status. Interventions included the introduction of repair tracking systems, preventive maintenance schedules, equipment logbooks, calibration programs, and staff training. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 660 medical equipment items were assessed. At baseline, only 61.7% were fully functional, while preventive maintenance (15.6%), maintenance documentation (17.0%), and calibration (4.3%) were markedly deficient. Following interventions, functionality improved to 91.8% (absolute increase: +30.1%), exceeding the ≥90% standard. Preventive maintenance increased to 92.4% (+76.8%), maintenance documentation to 94.5% (+77.5%), and calibration to 73.6% (+69.3%). The proportion of non-functional equipment decreased from 32.5% to 5.5%, with substantial reductions in repair delays. Conclusion: Structured, low-cost interventions implemented through a clinical audit cycle significantly improved medical equipment functionality and management. Clinical audit is an effective strategy for strengthening health technology management systems in resource-limited settings.

Published by: Dr. AB. MashoothResearch Area: Healthcare

Organisation: Ministry of Health, Sri LankaKeywords: Clinical Audit, Medical Equipment, Quality Improvement, Health Technology Management, Sri Lanka.

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Research Paper

28. What are the Implications of Using Deep Brain Stimulation to Treat and Improve Symptoms of Depression?

Neuroscientific practice is constantly evolving, improving, and developing. Recent research has introduced novel methods to treat pressing conditions which have affected the human population for many decades. This paper delves into the potential of a stimulation technique- deep brain stimulation- to treat the symptoms of a mood disorder as complex and convoluted as depression. Overall, 5 domains were considered, including: an overview of the diagnostic factors of depression, the biological causative factors for depression, current treatment opportunities, the mechanism of DBS and its application to treating depression, and finally, the ethical and social implications of implementing DBS as a mainstream form of treatment for cases of extreme depression. Before its utilisation in mainstream practice, the ethical implications, as well as clinical trials assessing the true long-term impacts of such treatment, must be evaluated. How far should the brain be manipulated in order to treat depression, and how could this impact autonomy and patient safety? Across the literature reviewed, DBS serves as a viable and credible means for relieving symptoms of depression and poses a great potential to improve the lifestyle of treated patients, which is ultimately the desired outcome of a neuroscientific endeavour such as this one.

Published by: Krisha Dhawal ManiyarResearch Area: Neurosciences

Organisation: GEMS Wellington International School, United Arab EmiratesKeywords: Deep Brain Stimulation, Treatment-Resistant Depression, Neuromodulation, Mood Disorders, Nucleus Accumbens, Neuroethics, Psychiatric Treatment, Neural Circuitry.

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