Research Paper
Screening COVID-19 cases using Deep Neural Networks with X-ray images
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019), which first appeared in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, spread rapidly around the world and became a pandemic. It has caused a devastating effect on both daily lives, public health, and the global economy. It is critical to detect the positive cases as early as possible so as to prevent the further spread of this epidemic and to quickly treat affected patients. The need for auxiliary diagnostic tools has increased as there are no accurate automated toolkits available. Recent findings obtained using radiology imaging techniques suggest that such images contain salient information about the COVID-19 virus. Application of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques coupled with radiological imaging can be helpful for the accurate detection of this disease, and can also be assistive to overcome the problem of a lack of specialized physicians in remote villages. In this study, a new model for automatic COVID-19 detection using raw chest X-ray images is presented. The proposed model is developed to provide accurate diagnostics for binary classification (COVID vs. No-Findings) and multiclass classification (COVID vs. No-Findings vs. Pneumonia). My model produced a classification accuracy of 98.08% for binary classes and 87.02% for multi-class cases. The DarkNet model was used in my study as a classifier for the you only look once (YOLO) real time object detection system. I implemented 17 convolutional layers and introduced different filtering on each layer. My model can be employed to assist radiologists in validating their initial screening, and can also be employed via cloud to immediately screen patients. With the ever increasing demand for screening millions of prospective “novel coronavirus” or COVID-19 cases, and due to the emergence of high false negatives in the commonly used PCR tests, the necessity for probing an alternative simple screening mechanism of COVID-19 using radiological images (like chest X-Rays) assumes importance. In this scenario, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) offer fast, automated, effective strategies to detect abnormalities and extract key features of the altered lung parenchyma, which may be related to specific signatures of the COVID-19 virus. However, the available COVID-19 datasets are inadequate to train deep neural networks. Therefore, I propose a new concept called domain extension transfer learning (DETL).
Published by: Tarit Sengupta
Author: Tarit Sengupta
Paper ID: V6I3-1626
Paper Status: published
Published: July 3, 2020
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