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Removing Salt-And-Pepper Noise from Digital Image Using Unsymmetric Trimmed Median Filter

Every digital image has a two-dimensional mathematical representation of the digital image. Digital image are made out of pixels i.e. picture component. Every pixel speaks to the dark level for highly contrasting photographs at a solitary point in the image, so a pixel can be spoken to by a small speck of particular shading. Image restoration is the process of restoring degraded images which cannot be taken again or the process of obtaining the image again is costlier. We can restore the images by prior knowledge of the noise or the disturbance that causes the degradation of the image. Image restoration is done in two domains: spatial domain and frequency domain. In the spatial domain, the filtering action for restoring the images is done by directly operating on the pixels of the digital image. In our research work different format of the same image will be executed for a different level of noise and then we will analyze which format will be best and besides PSNR two more parameters MSE and IEF also considered. In our research work, our main objective is to remove salt and pepper noise from the image. As in base paper, 30% and 70% salt and pepper noise are removed with PSNR value. But in our dissertation work salt and pepper noise at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 75% are removing with three parameters like PSNR, MSE, and IEF. After the filtering, the image is remapped into spatial domain by inverse Fourier transform to obtain the restored image. Different noise models were studied. Different filtering techniques in both spatial and frequency domains were studied and improved algorithms were written and simulated using Matlab. Restoration efficiency was checked by taking peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE) into considerations.

Published by: Minakshi, Suraj Rana

Author: Minakshi

Paper ID: V3I4-1210

Paper Status: published

Published: July 22, 2017

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Survey Paper on Analysis of Modulation Technique of UWB, OFDM and CDMA for Different Parameter

Brief history of evolution of mobile communication throughout entire world is useful in order to appreciate fabulous impact that cellular radio and PCS will have on all of us over next several decades. Progressive involvement in technology development is very crucial for any government if it hopes to keep its own country competitive in the rapidly growing field of wireless communication. As time passed we developed so much advanced technology which was never been possible before. After second generation tremendous revolution occurred with third generation technology in communication and it is known as cdma2000. After that various sub technologies came into existence of cdma2000. These are based on Interim Standard 95 and Interim Standard 95B technology. Similarly for other technology OFDM and UWB we developed lot of advanced technology as per need of clients. Our main focus to develop this technology is that cost effective, less complex, maximum subscriber, high quality of service. As we know information is transmitted through electromagnetic waves with help of antenna. Which types of antenna are best suited for a particular technology is tedious task. Now days we are using smart antenna. We can say smart antennas are arrays of antenna which consist multiple transmitter antenna and multiple receiver antenna.

Published by: Pooja Budhwar, Dheeraj Kapoor, Nipin Gupta

Author: Pooja Budhwar

Paper ID: V3I4-1199

Paper Status: published

Published: July 22, 2017

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Comparison Analysis of Modulation Technique of UWB, OFDM and CDMA for Different Parameter

With pace of time there is tremendous development in communication and on other hand as population increasing exponentially with time many severe traffic situations arises for example congestion problem, quality of service and cost also. A researcher always tries to resolve complexity of the system means system must be simple, cost effective and easy to use. In our dissertation research area is to compare different characteristics parameters of digital modulation technique so that a final conclusion can be made which technique is best one when we transmit data and finally it reach at destination with minimum bit error rate (BER). In base paper only CDMA technique is considered but in our dissertation work UWB and OFDM also considered. In our research paper we implemented simulation result CDMA, OFDM and UWB for different band pass technique for example BPSK, QPSK, QAM, 16 QAM, 64QAM, Calculate Transmitter and receiver message of CDMA, OFDM and UWB, Bit Error Rate, Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) and MSE Equalizer. Besides this our dissertation having multi input multi output (MIMO) antenna concept used. Earlier single antenna concept was used, now we use array of antenna to provide much efficient and good quality of service or we can say MIMO (Multi input Multi Output)

Published by: Pooja Budhwar, Dheeraj Kapoor, Nipin Gupta

Author: Pooja Budhwar

Paper ID: V3I4-1198

Paper Status: published

Published: July 21, 2017

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Research Paper

Shifted Histogram Using Optimal Shift Distance for Images with Entropy Value & Wavelet Decomposition Images

Histogram equalization is a method in image processing of contrast adjustment using the image's histogram. Histogram equalization automatically determines a transformation function that seeks to produce output images that has a uniform histogram. When automatic enhancement is desired that is good approach because result from this technique are predictable and method is simple to implement. Method used to generate a processed image that has a specified histogram is called histogram matching or histogram specification. In this thesis we applied advance algorithm to enhance the quality of an image and we succeeded and also got the entropy value of image by changing the scaling factor K we got different value and also got different shifted histogram image. In our research work we worked on different level to analyze the effect of algorithm. By changing scaling factor we get different EME and image enhanced significantly from which lot of important information can be recovered.

Published by: Rekha, Vijay Nandal

Author: Rekha

Paper ID: V3I4-1197

Paper Status: published

Published: July 21, 2017

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Isolation, Screening and Charaterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria, Determination of Their Cellulolytic Potential

Cellulosic biomass is one of the most dominant waste materials from various industries. Cellulose degradation and its utilization is important for global carbon sources. The value of cellulose as renewable source of energy has made its hydrolysis a subject of research and industrial interest. The present investigation is based on isolation, screening, and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria and determination of their cellulolytic potential. The work also concentrates on production of cellulase enzyme by submerged fermentation and its partial purification by centrifugation. Enzyme activities of selected isolates were determined by DNS method and finally application of potential isolates in degradation of various natural cellulosic substrates was carried out.

Published by: Jeeva Raj, Hema .C, Haris .S, Hema Amulya, Dr. Snehalatha V.

Author: Jeeva Raj

Paper ID: V3I4-1200

Paper Status: published

Published: July 20, 2017

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Role of Staging Laparoscopy in Gastric Carcinoma

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used as a diagnostic tool and surgical procedure that is performed to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs. Staging laparoscopy is minimally invasive surgery for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases. Despite increasingly sophisticated radiological diagnostic equipment, many patients with gastric, hepatic, or pancreatic malignancy continue to have the diagnosis of unresectable or metastatic disease made at exploratory laparotomy. Staging laparoscopy may aid in the more accurate staging of gastric cancers and guide appropriate treatment without the morbidity associated with exploratory laparotomy.

Published by: Dr. Pratik Hire, Dr. K. B. Golhar

Author: Dr. Pratik Hire

Paper ID: V3I4-1176

Paper Status: published

Published: July 19, 2017

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