Context: Steel is crucial to the development of any modern economy and is considered to be the backbone of human civilization. Although studies on adverse health effects in steel industry workers were reported from European and other countries, studies of this nature are meager in Indian ethnic group, where the health problems in steel industry workers are very serious. In the present study, we focused on adverse health effects in steel industrial workers who were occupationally exposed to steel dust. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of its kind. Methods: The study was carried out in 435 steel industry workers in the group of 20-60 years who are occupationally exposed to steel dust and in 426 subjects with no history of occupational exposure to steel dust or any other chemicals (control group). Information on the age, medical history, and habits like smoking, consumption of alcohol, surgical history, medication, and nature of job, marital life and years of service was recorded in a standard questionnaire. Results: The results have shown an increase in health problems particularly Hair loss, respiratory problems, diabetes, joint pains, followed by hypertension, headache, and eye problems. Their frequency of health problems was high in steel industrial workers compared to controls (71.03% vs 31.0%). Conclusion: On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, definite conclusions were drawn on the nature of health problems in workers of the steel industry. The frequency of health problems was high in steel industrial workers compared to controls. This might be due to the undue exposure to steel dust at work place. Hence appropriate precautionary measures have to be taken to prevent or minimize the exposure of the workers to steel dust.