Climate change has become one of the major challenges facing economic development across the world. Economic growth has improved living standards and reduced poverty, but activities such as industrialization, fossil fuel use, deforestation, and intensive agriculture have also increased pressure on natural resources and the environment. This paper examines the relationship between climate change and sustainable economic growth and explores how economies can continue to develop while protecting the environment and improving social well-being. The study is based on secondary data collected from books, academic journals, government publications, and reports of international organizations such as the IPCC, UNDP, World Bank, IEA, and UNEP. A descriptive and analytical approach is used to understand the economic effects of climate change and possible pathways towards sustainability. The study finds that climate change affects several important areas of economic activity, including agriculture, industrial production, infrastructure, public health, labor productivity, and financial stability. Climate-related risks can also slow progress towards several Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to poverty, food security, health, water, energy, employment, sustainable cities, and climate action. The paper highlights the importance of combining climate mitigation with adaptation measures to reduce these risks. It further discusses the green economy as a practical pathway towards sustainable growth through renewable energy, efficient use of resources, cleaner technologies, green innovation, and environmental protection. The study argues that economic growth and environmental protection should not be treated as competing objectives. Instead, sustainable policies can help economies achieve growth while building resilience, creating new opportunities, protecting natural resources, and improving the quality of life. A balanced approach that brings together economic progress, environmental responsibility, and social inclusion is therefore essential for achieving sustainable development for present and future generations.