This paper is published in Volume-11, Issue-5, 2025
Area
Mathematics
Author
Arjun Bir Vashisht
Org/Univ
Woodstock School, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India
Pub. Date
17 September, 2025
Paper ID
V11I5-1147
Publisher
Keywords
Win-Probability Models, Football Analytics, Expected Goals, Machine Learning, Spatio-Temporal, Sports Betting, FiveThirtyEight.

Citationsacebook

IEEE
Arjun Bir Vashisht. “What are the Odds?” Improving In-Game Win Probability Models in Football, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, www.IJARIIT.com.

APA
Arjun Bir Vashisht (2025). “What are the Odds?” Improving In-Game Win Probability Models in Football. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 11(5) www.IJARIIT.com.

MLA
Arjun Bir Vashisht. "“What are the Odds?” Improving In-Game Win Probability Models in Football." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 11.5 (2025). www.IJARIIT.com.

Abstract

This paper explores the accuracy and usefulness of football win-probability models for analysts, clubs, and fans. Since football is a low-scoring and unpredictable game, probability models help us interpret uncertain outcomes and support strategies and decisions. The paper looks into Sam Green’s expected goals model and how it laid the foundation for future forecasting. It also evaluates how FiveThirtyEight’s and Herbinet’s models have expanded on this framework by integrating simulations, team strength ratings, and machine learning. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these three models, this paper identifies the most accurate approach for forecast match results.