Forest fires, while often perceived as destructive forces, play a complex role in the ecology of forest ecosystems. This paper explores the dual nature of wildfires, emphasising their capacity to disrupt biodiversity and impact the environment while also facilitating ecological succession and promoting biological diversity. It examines the effects of forest fires on carbon dioxide emissions and air quality, particularly in regions like California, where human activities have intensified fire occurrences. Additionally, the paper highlights the adaptive responses of flora and fauna to fire, showcasing examples such as the serotiny of Monterey pines and the dependency of wild lupine for the endangered Karner blue butterfly. A case study on forest fires in Latin America underscores the implications of agricultural practices and deforestation on wildfire frequency and intensity. This literature review emphasises the necessity of understanding the ecological benefits of fires while addressing the challenges posed by climate change and deforestation, advocating for a balanced approach to forest management that preserves the integrity of forest ecosystems.