The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, reflects an intricate balance between flexibility and rigidity, designed to adapt to evolving socio-political realities while preserving the foundational values of democracy, federalism, and rule of law. This research paper examines the constitutional amendment process under Article 368, the role of Parliament and Judiciary in maintaining constitutional balance, the evolution of the 'basic structure' doctrine, and comparative approaches from other federal systems. It critically analyses the challenges posed by political motives, judicial interpretations, and the need to protect fundamental constitutional ideals, offering recommendations for strengthening constitutional integrity.