Domestic work represents a significant segment of the informal economy in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, where women dominate this occupation. Despite their crucial role in sustaining households and supporting the urban and rural economy, domestic workers remain economically marginalized and socially excluded. This study examines the socio-economic conditions, income patterns, and access to social protection among domestic workers in Tamil Nadu, with specific reference to Namakkal District. Using a descriptive research design, primary data were collected from 120 respondents through structured questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data from government reports and scholarly studies were also used. The findings reveal that domestic workers face low wages, irregular employment, lack of legal protection, and limited access to welfare schemes. The study concludes that effective policy intervention, awareness, and inclusion in formal labour frameworks are essential to ensure economic security and social justice.