This paper examines how urbanisation, economic change, and shifting cultural expectations have reshaped family life in Indian cities across three dimensions: household composition, gender roles, and intergenerational relationships. A structured literature review brings together canonical sociological frameworks, including those of Parsons, Oakley, and Giddens, alongside India-specific scholarship from Uberoi, Gupta, Shah, Desai, Rao, Chakrabarti, Manchanda, and Bhattacharya. Empirical grounding is provided by census data and a 2026 field study of 100 households in Yelahanka, Bangalore. The central finding is that nuclear residential forms have been widely adopted across urban India since 1991, but the obligations and values associated with joint family living have not collapsed alongside them. Women have entered paid employment in considerably larger numbers, yet domestic and caregiving responsibilities have not been redistributed in any proportionate way. Intergenerational financial transfers remain near universal, though physical distance has created measurable social isolation among elderly people in nuclear households. The paper concludes that urban Indian family change is best understood not as modernisation in the Western sociological sense, but as a process of structural adaptation in which residential forms shift while relational premises remain largely intact.