For several decades, farmers in the Sofia region of Madagascar have cultivated garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) using traditional, uncertified organic methods. This study investigates the economic impact of such non-certified agricultural practices on rural household livelihoods. The research was conducted in four communes: Ambatosia and Ambodiampana (Bealanana District), as well as Bekoratsaka and Mampikony II (Mampikony District), all known for their high concentration of non-certified organic farmers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 100 producers and analyzed using correlation and linear regression methods. Findings reveal a positive relationship between the cultivation of uncertified organic garlic/onion and increases in annual household agricultural income. Thanks to low input costs, ancestral techniques, and stable local demand, these farmers often exceed the national poverty line. Approximately 42 to 44% of the surveyed households live above this threshold, despite lacking official organic certification. However, disparities remain based on market access, technical skills, and yield consistency. While uncertified organic farming offers a promising path for rural income improvement and poverty alleviation, it remains fragile in the absence of structured value chains, supportive public policies, and stable market integration. This research highlights the socio-economic viability of alternative agricultural systems, while underlining their limits in terms of long-term resilience and financial security.