This paper explores the evolutionary trajectory of Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrates on the Indian Plate during its prolonged geographic isolation following the breakup of Gondwana. Spanning from the Early Cretaceous to the Paleogene, the study analyzes how India's tectonic drift across the Tethys Ocean facilitated the development of endemic clades, including abelisaurid theropods, basal lepidosaurs, and gondwanatherian mammals. The paper is structured across two major themes: (1) the tectonic and paleogeographic history of the Indian Plate’s separation from Gondwana; (2) the distinct evolutionary patterns in endemic vertebrate faunas shaped by this.