This paper is published in Volume-12, Issue-3, 2026
Area
Medical
Author
Dr. Dhruva Sharma
Org/Univ
Trinay Hospital, Rajasthan, India
Keywords
STEMI, Primary PCI, Door-to-Balloon Time, Reperfusion Therapy, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology.
Citations
IEEE
Dr. Dhruva Sharma. Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, www.IJARIIT.com.
APA
Dr. Dhruva Sharma (2026). Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 12(3) www.IJARIIT.com.
MLA
Dr. Dhruva Sharma. "Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 12.3 (2026). www.IJARIIT.com.
Dr. Dhruva Sharma. Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, www.IJARIIT.com.
APA
Dr. Dhruva Sharma (2026). Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 12(3) www.IJARIIT.com.
MLA
Dr. Dhruva Sharma. "Association of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with Reperfusion Timelines in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Centre in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 12.3 (2026). www.IJARIIT.com.
Abstract
Background ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Timely diagnosis and early reperfusion therapy are the cornerstones of management and significantly influence clinical outcomes. Evaluation of demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and reperfusion timelines is essential for improving quality indicators in acute cardiac care. Aim: To evaluate the demographic profile, cardiovascular risk factors, STEMI patterns, culprit vessel distribution, and reperfusion timelines among STEMI patients presenting to a tertiary care cardiac centre. Materials and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Trinay Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. A total of 60 consecutive patients diagnosed with STEMI and undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. Data regarding demographic profile, cardiovascular risk factors, STEMI type, culprit vessel, door-to-ECG time, door-to-balloon time, and total ischemic time were collected using a structured STEMI data collection tool. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Statistical Data Analysis: Chi-Square Analysis of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Correlation. A chi-square test was performed to determine the association between hypertension and diabetes mellitus among STEMI patients. Table 1: Correlation Between Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Variable Diabetes Present Diabetes Absent Total Hypertension Present 28 11 39 Hypertension Absent 9 12 21 Total 37 23 60 Statistical Findings • Chi-square (χ²) value = 5.84 • Degrees of freedom = 1 • p-value = 0.015 Interpretation A statistically significant association was observed between hypertension and diabetes mellitus among STEMI patients (p < 0.05). Patients with hypertension were more likely to have coexisting diabetes mellitus. Graphical Analysis Histogram Analysis of Reperfusion Timelines The histogram demonstrated that total ischemic time remained substantially higher than door-to-ECG and door-to-balloon times. Although in-hospital management timelines were within acceptable international standards, delayed patient presentation contributed significantly to prolonged ischemic duration. Comparative Demographic Analysis Gender-wise Comparison Variable Male Female Mean Door-to-Balloon Time 79.4 minutes 84. Interpretation of Comparative Analysis
Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension demonstrated relatively prolonged ischemic times and delayed reperfusion compared to patients without these risk factors. Female patients also showed slightly prolonged treatment timelines compared to male patients. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.7 ± 8.7 years. Male patients constituted 68.3% of the study population. Hypertension was present in 65%, diabetes mellitus in 61.7%, smoking history in 53.3%, alcohol consumption in 46.7%, and prior coronary artery disease in 25% of patients. Inferior wall STEMI was the most common presentation (45%), followed by anterior wall STEMI (36.7%). The right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery were equally involved as culprit vessels (43.3% each). Mean door-to-ECG time was 12.48 minutes, while mean door-to-balloon time was 81.18 minutes. Mean total ischemic time was 282.6 minutes. Conclusion: STEMI predominantly affected middle-aged male patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Early reperfusion metrics observed in the present study were within acceptable international standards for primary PCI centres. Continuous monitoring of STEMI timelines and quality indicators can further improve patient outcomes.
