Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by a gradual decline in cognitive function, which affects memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities. As the disease advances, individuals experience worsening impairments in daily activities and exhibit behavioral changes. This condition is the most common cause of dementia, with a significant impact on quality of life for both patients and caregivers. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of both pre-senile and senile dementia, affecting about 5% of men and 6% of women over the age of 60 worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease typically begins with subtle memory failure, which progressively worsens and can become debilitating. Current treatments offer minimal impact, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. While these drugs can slow disease progression and relieve symptoms, they do not cure or prevent the disease's onset. Although the neuropathological features of AD are known, the exact mechanisms behind the disease remain unclear, which contributes to the lack of effective treatments. However, recent advances in understanding AD's pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic targets that may directly address the underlying disease process. This article discusses these recent developments in AD research and how they could potentially improve disease management and reduce care costs. It highlights the importance of advancing knowledge in this area for better treatment outcomes..