This paper is published in Volume-12, Issue-5, 2026
Area
Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning
Author
Mohammad Zaid, Steave Saji, Rayhan Abdulla Thalsim
Org/Univ
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Pub. Date
28 October, 2026
Paper ID
V12I5-1256
Publisher
Keywords
Educational Data Mining, Early Prediction, Student Performance, Logistic Regression, Calibration, Selective Prediction, Explainability, Oulad

Citationsacebook

IEEE
Mohammad Zaid, Steave Saji, Rayhan Abdulla Thalsim. Uncertainty-Calibrated and Explainable Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Academic Performance and Identification of At-Risk University Students, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, www.IJARIIT.com.

APA
Mohammad Zaid, Steave Saji, Rayhan Abdulla Thalsim (2026). Uncertainty-Calibrated and Explainable Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Academic Performance and Identification of At-Risk University Students. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 12(5) www.IJARIIT.com.

MLA
Mohammad Zaid, Steave Saji, Rayhan Abdulla Thalsim. "Uncertainty-Calibrated and Explainable Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Academic Performance and Identification of At-Risk University Students." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 12.5 (2026). www.IJARIIT.com.

Abstract

Early identification of students who may experience unsuccessful academic outcomes can support timely academic guidance, provided that predictions are evaluated for both discrimination and reliability. This study evaluates a Logistic Regression workflow using the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset (OULAD). Student outcomes were converted to a binary target, with Pass and Distinction treated as successful outcomes and Fail and Withdrawn as unsuccessful outcomes. Models were evaluated at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 using student characteristics, enrolment information, and virtual learning environment (VLE) activity. A second configuration added assessment-related features. The best single-split result occurred at week 8 for the activity-plus-assessment configuration (accuracy = 0.7789, F1 = 0.7796, ROC-AUC = 0.8654). Its Brier score and log loss were 0.1463 and 0.4394, respectively. Across confidence thresholds, selective accuracy increased as coverage decreased; at week 8 and a threshold of 0.90, the activity-plus-assessment configuration retained 29.7% of cases with 97.1% accuracy. Across three random seeds, its week-8 mean ROC-AUC was 0.8629 (SD = 0.0029). These findings suggest that later cutoffs and assessment-related information can improve predictive performance in this dataset. However, the availability time of assessment scores must be verified to rule out temporal leakage, and results require external validation before practical deployment.