This paper is published in Volume-7, Issue-2, 2021
Area
Image Processing
Author
Shriya Tatachar, Rakesh K. R., G. R. Namita, Rohit Kulkarni
Org/Univ
RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Pub. Date
23 March, 2021
Paper ID
V7I2-1222
Publisher
Keywords
Data Embedding, Difference Expansion, DE, Reversible Data Embedding, Watermarking, PSNR, Payload

Citationsacebook

IEEE
Shriya Tatachar, Rakesh K. R., G. R. Namita, Rohit Kulkarni. Reversible data embedding using difference expansion scheme for watermarking, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, www.IJARIIT.com.

APA
Shriya Tatachar, Rakesh K. R., G. R. Namita, Rohit Kulkarni (2021). Reversible data embedding using difference expansion scheme for watermarking. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 7(2) www.IJARIIT.com.

MLA
Shriya Tatachar, Rakesh K. R., G. R. Namita, Rohit Kulkarni. "Reversible data embedding using difference expansion scheme for watermarking." International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 7.2 (2021). www.IJARIIT.com.

Abstract

Reversible Data Embedding is a lossless reversible data embedding technique that embeds invisible data known as payload into the input image and uses the Difference Expansion (DE) technique. This paper uses a DE-based reversible scheme to reduce the amount of auxiliary information embedded and to increase the watermark length. The key concepts discussed in this paper are: Reversible Embedding, Extraction, and Restoration of the original dataset with minimal distortion. By observing redundancy, reversibility can be explored. Payload, PSNR, and Watermark Length have been used to assess the effectiveness of DE. Four data sets have been used - Lena, Boat, Airplane, and APC. For Lena, the payload obtained is 31.14 and the payload was found to be 0.76 implying that more information can be embedded in an image than in the standard methods.