This paper focuses primarily on the importance of smoke detectors that can be utilized in house, office, and shop, security gas station to detect smoke and fire. Safety becomes an important issue when fire detection is present in the home so that children and the elderly who are unable to fight fire smoke can use it. Prior research shows that are many deaths have occurred due to suffocation caused by causalities like sudden fire, circuit failure, unwanted fire hazards. A survey of various existing techniques of smoke detectors and how the techniques grew from traditional to smart, is given in this paper.