Lightweight concrete (LWC) boasts a rich history dating back to ancient Roman times and has gained popularity due to its lower density and superior thermal insulation properties. In comparison to normal-weight concrete (NWC), LWC significantly reduces the dead load of structural elements, making it particularly appealing in multi-story buildings. While most studies on LWC focus on "semi-lightweight" concretes, which use lightweight coarse aggregate and natural sand, there is potential for even greater environmental and economic benefits if waste materials replace the fine lightweight aggregate. With a history spanning over two millennia, the technical development of lightweight concrete continues to progress. This review begins with a retrospective, providing an overview of the diverse applications covered by lightweight concrete in the last century. Despite its proven technical potential, there are still hesitations and uncertainties in practice. To address this, the review delves into lightweight aggregate properties and various types of lightweight concrete, placing a special emphasis on current standards. Drawing from 25 years of practical and theoretical experience in the field, the review highlights the need for adaptations in design, production, and execution rules when working with lightweight concrete, which often deviate from those applied to normal weight concrete. Certain aspects prone to misunderstandings, such as nomenclature and the informational value of specific tests, are explored. The review addresses frequently occurring problems related to the mix design and production of lightweight concrete, elucidating unintended consequences. Additionally, a critical examination is provided of information found in existing European concrete standards regarding the mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete. The review concludes by presenting the latest stage of development in very light lightweight concretes. Introducing Infra-lightweight concrete as an innovative approach, it aims to further extend the applications of lightweight concrete. This section provides background knowledge and experiences from case records, shedding light on an exciting frontier in the evolution of lightweight concrete.